Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic assessment of electronic cigarettes, combustible cigarettes, and nicotine gum: implications for abuse liability.

abstract：BACKGROUND:The thalamus is a major target of dopaminergic projections and is densely connected with the prefrontal cortex. A better understanding of how dopamine changes thalamo-cortical communication may shed light on how dopamine supports cognitive function. Methylphenidate has been shown to facilitate cognitive proc...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Gorka AX,Lago TR,Balderston N,Torrisi S,Fuchs B,Grillon C,Ernst M

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxytocin plays an important role in the regulation of normal cognitive functions and behaviors, which are disturbed in schizophrenia. Several studies suggest that oxytocinergic function is abnormal in schizophrenia patients. Thus, oxytocin may be involved in the pathophysiology associated with this disorder. This stud...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Feifel D,Reza T

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolism of the tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline (AMI), imipramine (IMI), chlorimipramine (CMI) and some of their metabolites was studied in vitro in isolated liver microsomes of female Spraque-Dawley rats. Nine metabolites of AMI, seven metabolites of IMI, and 11 metabolites of CMI were quantitatively de...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Krüger R,Hölzl G,Kuss HJ,Schefold L

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:A growing number of studies have found evidence that anxiety and depressive disorders are associated with atypical amygdala hyperactivation, which decreases with effective treatment. Interest has emerged in this phenomenon as a possible biological marker for individuals who are likely to benefit from tailo...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： McClure EB,Adler A,Monk CS,Cameron J,Smith S,Nelson EE,Leibenluft E,Ernst M,Pine DS

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The widespread deficits in cognitive flexibility observed across psychiatric disorders call for improved rodent tests to understand the biology of cognitive flexibility and development of better psychotherapeutics. Current reversal learning paradigms have a forced-choice setup that challenges the interpretati...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Odland AU,Sandahl R,Andreasen JT

更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Fluoxetine improves affect in clinical syndromes such as depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Little is known about fluoxetine's influence on mood changes after quitting smoking, which often resemble sub-clinical depression. OBJECTIVES:The present study, a re-analysis of previously published data ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Cook JW,Spring B,McChargue DE,Borrelli B,Hitsman B,Niaura R,Keuthen NJ,Kristeller J

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While chronic intermittent administration of stimulants often induces behavioral sensitization in adulthood, stimulant sensitization has rarely been reported prior to weaning [around postnatal day (P) 21]. Consistent pairing of drug administration with the test context often facilitates sensitization in adults, yet yo...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Wood RD,Tirelli E,Snyder KJ,Heyser CJ,LaRocca TM,Spear LP

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:So-called atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) are associated with varying levels of weight gain and associated metabolic disturbances, which in patients with serious mental illness (SMI) have been linked to non-compliance and poor functional outcomes. Mechanisms underlying AAP-induced metabolic abnormalities are o...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Benarroch L,Kowalchuk C,Wilson V,Teo C,Guenette M,Chintoh A,Nesarajah Y,Taylor V,Selby P,Fletcher P,Remington GJ,Hahn MK

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is commonly believed that repeated exposures diminish the pleasurable effects of drugs and hence that pleasure must have only a minor role in addiction. In six experiments with rats, repeated exposures to amphetamine, morphine, or cocaine were found to enhance the drug-induced rewarding effect as measured by condit...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Lett BT

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:During the last few decades, alcohol use disorders (AUD) have reached an epidemic prevalence, yet social influences on alcoholism have not been fully addressed. Several factors can modulate alcohol intake. On one hand, stress can reinforce ethanol-induced behaviors and be an important component in AUD and alc...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Bahi A,Dreyer JL

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The dopaminergic system has been proposed to mediate alcohol-induced locomotor activity, yet the mechanisms underlying this behavioral response remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES:This study was conducted to investigate the role of dopamine D2-like receptors in mediating alcohol-induced behavioral responses...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Tran S,Facciol A,Gerlai R

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method was used to compare the effects of the acute administration of cocaine by two different routes, intravenous and intraperitoneal, on rates of local cerebral glucose utilization in freely moving rats. Doses were initially chosen on the basis of their ability to elicit equivalent increases ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Porrino LJ

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of bilateral nucleus accumbens microinjections of d-ala-met-enkephalinamide (DALA) were assessed in behavioral activation and lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation (LHSS) rate-frequency curve-shift paradigms in normal and accumbens 6-OHDA (4.0 micrograms) treated rats. Microinjections of DALA (2.5 microgra...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Johnson PL,Stellar JR

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study compared the acute subject-rated and performance-impairing effects of trazodone and triazolam in seven healthy humans. Trazodone (50, 100 and 200 mg), triazolam (0.125, 0.25, 0.50 mg) and placebo were administered orally in a double-blind, crossover design. Drug effects were measured approximately 30...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Rush CR,Madakasira S,Hayes CA,Johnson CA,Goldman NH,Pazzaglia PJ

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a phase II study the antidepressive effect of citalopram, a selective and potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was examined in 20 endogenously and three non-endogenously depressed hospitalized patients. Four endogenously depressed patients dropped out due to deterioration early in the treatment period. The remainin...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Pedersen OL,Kragh-Sørensen P,Bjerre M,Overø KF,Gram LF

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Perospirone is a novel second-generation antipsychotic drug with high affinity to dopamine D(2) receptor and short half-life of plasma concentration. There has been no investigation of dopamine D(2) receptor occupancy in patients with schizophrenia and the time course of occupancy by antipsychotics with peros...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Arakawa R,Ito H,Takano A,Okumura M,Takahashi H,Takano H,Okubo Y,Suhara T

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Schizophrenia is a severe, persistent, and fairly common mental illness. Haloperidol is widely used and is effective against the symptoms of psychosis seen in schizophrenia. Chronic oral haloperidol administration decreased the number of astrocytes in the parietal cortex of macaque monkeys (Konopaske et al., ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Konopaske GT,Bolo NR,Basu AC,Renshaw PF,Coyle JT

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Vasopressin (AVP) plays a role in regulating anxiety, which is thought to be partially mediated through the V1a receptor. Recently, JNJ-17308616 was identified as a V1a antagonist. OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this work was to assess V1a receptor affinity and selectivity of JNJ-17308616 and in vivo efficacy in ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Bleickardt CJ,Mullins DE,Macsweeney CP,Werner BJ,Pond AJ,Guzzi MF,Martin FD,Varty GB,Hodgson RA

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of naloxone on diazepam-induced release of behavior in aversive situations were investigated in rats. Naloxone (0.5 and 1 mg/kg-1) suppressed diazepam-induced eating in an unfamiliar situation and reduced (1 mg/kg-1) spontaneous food intake. Naloxone (1 mg/kg-1) canceled the increased lever pressing produc...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Soubrié P,Jobert A,Thiebot MH

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Prior research suggests that high levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are associated with aversive states such as morphine withdrawal, but this has not been tested for nicotine withdrawal. OBJECTIVES:The goal was to test the hypothesis that acute nicotine decreases extracellular ACh ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Rada P,Jensen K,Hoebel BG

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In an attempt to define the nature of the involvement of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) with central cholinergic neurotransmission, the effects of THC on direct cholinergic stimulation of the rat brain were investigated. THC, in doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), potentiated the e...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Duncan GE,Dagirmanjian R

更新日期：1979-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Dopamine (DA) D2-like antagonists block several effects of cocaine, including its locomotor stimulant and interoceptive discriminative-stimulus effects. Because these compounds generally lack selectivity among the D2-like DA receptors, the specific roles of the subtypes remain unclear. OBJECTIVES:DA D2 recep...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Chausmer AL,Elmer GI,Rubinstein M,Low MJ,Grandy DK,Katz JL

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of the enantiomers of 3-PPP on the maintenance of conditioned avoidance responding (CAR) were studied. The weak classical dopamine (DA) agonist (+)-3-PPP failed to interfere with CAR at any dose tested (0.8-13.6 mg/kg). Low doses of the drug produced sedation, while high doses produced behavioural stimulat...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Clark D,Carlsson A,Hjorth S,Engel J,Lindberg P

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The endogenous oxytocin system has emerged as an inhibitor of drug-seeking and stress in preclinical models. OBJECTIVES:The goal of this study was to examine whether systemic oxytocin administration attenuated methamphetamine (METH)-seeking in rats pre-exposed to a predator odor threat. METHODS:In Experimen...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Ferland CL,Reichel CM,McGinty JF

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Cotreatment with clorgyline shifts the development of sensitization to the D2/D3 dopamine receptor agonist quinpirole from locomotion to mouthing, an effect apparently unrelated to the monoamine oxidase inhibition property of clorgyline. This phenomenon was demonstrated in rats examined in small activity cham...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Dvorkin A,Culver KE,Szechtman H

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Past research has found that exposure to alcohol cues causes a narrowing of attentional scope and enhances the neural responses associated with approach motivation. OBJECTIVE:The current research sought to determine if a manipulated broadened (global) attentional scope would reduce approach-motivated neural ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Ryerson NC,Neal LB,Gable PA

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preclinical and clinical research supports a role for neuroactive steroids in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We investigated ganaxolone (a synthetic 3β-methylated derivative of allopregnanolone, a GABAergic neuroactive steroid) for treatment of PTSD in a proof-of-concept, multisite, doubl...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Rasmusson AM,Marx CE,Jain S,Farfel GM,Tsai J,Sun X,Geracioti TD,Hamner MB,Lohr J,Rosse R,Summerall L,Naylor JC,Cusin C,Lang AJ,Raman R,Stein MB

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals responding for biphasic square wave stimulation to the VTA were treated for 26 days with a low dose (0.07 mg/kg) of the neuroleptic haloperidol and tested at 1 h post-injection. Initially the drug induced a pronounced lateral displacement of the baseline rate-intensity function, concomitant with a depression i...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Lynch MR,Carey RJ

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:A recent report described sex differences in the effects of nicotine use and withdrawal on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (PPI), but no sex differences in PPI in non-smokers. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether previously reported male>female acoustic PPI reflect sex differences in smoking effects on PPI...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Swerdlow NR,Geyer MA,Hartman PL,Sprock J,Auerbach PP,Cadenhead K,Perry W,Braff DL

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a double-blind comparison of haloperidol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate given 4-weekly for 60 weeks as maintenance therapy in 38 chronic schizophrenic in-patients, plasma haloperidol, fluphenazine and prolactin levels were measured at regular intervals by radioimmunoassay. After the first injection, the mean ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Wiles DH,McCreadie RG,Whitehead A

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00