Abstract：
:Model organisms are widely used in research that is ultimately aimed at understanding the causes and consequences of human disease. It may seem counterintuitive to expect clinically useful information to be obtained from species as diverse as fishes and insects, but because fundamental biological mechanisms share evolutionary origins they transcend species barriers. Epigenetic mechanisms fulfil this expectation admirably as more and more is discovered about the basic operational rules of inheritance, which are much more elaborate than formerly thought. Only a few decades ago, although the complex interplay between genes, inheritance and the environment was recognized, it was difficult to explain. Recent discoveries about the controlling influences of gene silencing through DNA and histone methylation, the roles of so-called non-coding DNA and microRNA, and the way in which these factors respond to environmental conditions have started to shed light on these basic mechanisms. Diverse model species allow epigenetic mechanisms to be studied from different perspectives; for example, some are better suited to studies of sex determination while others may be more convenient for studying the earliest stages of organ development, growth and the influence of nutrition on future wellbeing. The rationale for including this chapter in a book that is focused on uncovering relationships between periconception nutrition in humans is to highlight the opportunities and insights that may be gained by focusing attention on studies in non-mammalian model species.
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Holt WVdoi
10.1007/978-3-319-62414-3_9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
155-173eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
1014pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is classified as an autoimmune disease which progressively results in the depletion of insulin-secreting β-cells. Consequently, the insulin secretion stops leading to hyperglycemic situations within the body. Under severe conditions, it also causes multi-organ diabetes-associated dysfun...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/5584_2018_195
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In hypoxic rabbits, different levels of Pco2 before and after carotid chemodenervation were applied in order to get information about the acid-base status and the position of the O2-Hb dissociation curve (ODC). A CO2-induced change in pH caused a smaller change in the half-saturation pressure (P50) than was to be expe...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4684-1188-1_10
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary taurine supplementation on plasma and liver lipid content in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, one that was OVX and the other sham operated (Sham). They were further divided into either control or...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_40
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Liver and brain are the major organs responsible for taurine synthesis. In both acute and chronic liver failure, brain taurine concentrations are decreased and, since taurine appears to be implicated in K+ and Ca2+ homeostasis in brain, such losses could contribute to the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy. Fur...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-0182-8_66
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells (ASC) have considerable potential for regenerative medicine due to their abilities to proliferate, differentiate into multiple cell lineages, high cell yield, relative ease of acquisition, and almost no ethical concerns since they are derived from adult tissue. Storage of ASC by cryo...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_11
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of short-neck clam water extract (SNC-WE) enriched in taurine. In the present study, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the SNC-WE for DPPH, superoxide, and alkyl radical scavenging activities determined by an electron spin...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_82
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyomaviruses [BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV) and simian virus 40 (SV40)] have been known to be associated with diseases in humans for over thirty years. BKV-associated nephropathy and JCV-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) were for many years rare diseases occurring only in patients with underl...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/0-387-32957-9_17
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Feedback from muscle afferents is essential for locomotion to be functional under changing external conditions. In this article, we review the role of afferent feedback in adapting locomotor activity to transient and more sustained changes in sensory input in reduced and walking cat preparations. Much of the work on m...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-0713-0_40
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of allergic sensitization and inflammation is dependent on activation and stimulation of T cells that exhibit pro-allergic functions. A mouse model system was developed to study the role of T cells in allergic sensitization in more detail. Local sensitization of mice stimulates an allergen specific IgE...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-5855-2_4
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Opioid receptors which are involved in cough generation are abundantly expressed in the brainstem. Codeine is a potent μ-opioid receptor agonist. In the present study we examined the effects of naloxone, a μ-opioid receptor antagonist, on mechanically-induced tracheobronchial cough and on the cough suppressing effect ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-94-007-4549-0_9
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Compared to controls receiving physiological saline, the i.p. administration of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) on 5 consecutive days to rats fed a nutritionally adequate liquid diet resulted 24 hours after the last injection of significant increases in glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamic oxylacetate transaminase (GOT), ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-1419-7_25
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by severe insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia, due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. A susceptible genetic background is necessary, but not sufficient, for the development of the disease. Epidemiological and clinical observations underscor...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-5441-0_16
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of caloric intake on tumor growth has been recognized for over 70 years. Inhibition of tumor growth depends primarily on the extent of caloric restriction, but tumor type, animal strain, and dietary composition all exert some influence. Caloric restriction is most effective when maintained during both initi...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4613-1835-4_7
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipid rafts and caveolae are specialized membrane microdomains enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol. They function in a variety of cellular processes including but not limited to endocytosis, transcytosis, signal transduction and receptor recycling. Here, we outline the similarities and differences between lipid ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-1222-9_1
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Do seizures change the brain? Studies on the kindling model--a widely used animal model of epilepsy--suggest that they do. Dr. Racine, one of the pioneers in the kindling field, describes the basic phenomena of kindling, and discusses the possible roles of cell growth and cell death in this model. ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-1335-3_16
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Humans with mutations in the phototransduction pathway develop forms of retinal degeneration, such as retinitis pigmentosa, cone dystrophy, or Leber congenital amaurosis. Similarly, numerous phototransduction mutant animal models resemble retinal degeneration. In our lab, using a zebrafish model, we study cone-specifi...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_40
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a newly developed, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device for monitoring hemodynamic changes during carotid artery stenting (CAS), as a means to detect filter obstruction due to distal embolism. We evaluated 16 patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis during the CAS...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-0620-8_43
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pertussis still represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although vaccination is the most powerful tool in preventing pertussis and despite nearly 70 years of universal childhood vaccination, incidence of the disease has been rising in the last two decades in countries with high vaccination cover...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/5584_2019_406
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of a single nutrient deficiency on immune function is now most extensively characterized using the dietary zinc deficient murine model. Deficiencies in zinc have rapid adverse effects on host defenses of humans and rodents. This impaired defense seems to be, in part, the result of a reduction in number of ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4613-0553-8_10
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer treatment has greatly improved over the last 50 years, but it remains challenging in several cases. Useful therapeutic targets are normally unique peculiarities of cancer cells that distinguish them from normal cells and that can be tackled with appropriate drugs. It is now known that cell metabolism is rewired...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-981-13-7709-9_9
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures released by cells, including those of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors. The cargo of EVs includes genetic material and proteins, making these vesicles essential in cell communication. Among the genetic materials, we find a large number of mi...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_71
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study we investigated the influence of intron I of the rat renin gene on the transcriptional activity of its promoter in cell culture. The presence of intron I abolished the transcription of reporter genes (luciferase and lacZ) in the non-renin-expressing human embryonic kidney cell line 293, while it d...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-0952-7_18
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of native and chemically derivatized lactoferrins (Lfs) purified from milk and colostrum were assayed in vitro for their anti-HIV and anti-HCMV-cytopathic effects in MT4 cells and fibroblasts respectively. All Lfs from bovine and human milk or colostrum were able to completely block HCMV replication as well a...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gonadal and adrenal hormone levels appear to be linked to the stressors experienced by young adolescents. Adjustment problems were accompanied by a profile of lower gonadal steroids and higher adrenal androgen levels, primarily androstenedione. Later gonadal maturation may be a result of stress suppressing the reprodu...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4899-2064-5_27
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, the advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have resulted in introduction of novel 3D tissue models, materials and methods to the regular practice of cell biologists, material scientists and specialists from related areas. 3D tissue models allow mimicking in vivo cell and tissue organ...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-67358-5_4
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter illustrates the biostatistical human genetics with an introduction to the T-Test, and the Manhattan Plots in statistics using Human Genetic Data concepts leading to procedures for Statistical Tests and Utilities for Genetic Association. Several R packages are chosen: iGasso, GenABEL, and HardyWeinberg. Ot...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-93791-5_5
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to serially collect blood samples and conduct ultrasound examinations in Asian and African elephants has provided unique opportunities to study the biology of these endangered species. As a result, many unique aspects of elephant reproduction have been identified. For females, there are interesting differe...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4939-0820-2_8
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:P-ANCA that do not react with myeloperoxidase (MPO) have been claimed to serve as a useful diagnostic marker in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, in this study we determined the frequency of MPO-negative-p-ANCA in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and correlated the pres...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4757-9182-2_96
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many double-stranded DNA bacteriophages and viruses use specialized ATP-driven molecular machines to package their genomes into tightly confined procapsid shells. Over the last decade, single-molecule approaches - and in particular, optical tweezers - have made key contributions to our understanding of this remarkable...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-1-4614-0980-9_24
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug resistance often results in failure of anticancer chemotherapy in leukemias. A large number of studies have been published on the effect of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression on prognosis in AML. However, a consensus has been difficult to reach, due to the variable results obtained by different laboratories. Pgp exp...
journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-1-4615-4811-9_7
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
