Abstract:
:CM2 is the second membrane protein of the influenza C virus and has been demonstrated to play a role in the uncoating and genome packaging processes in influenza C virus replication. Although the effects of N-linked glycosylation, disulfide-linked oligomerization, and palmitoylation of CM2 on virus replication have been analyzed, the effect of the phosphorylation of CM2 on virus replication remains to be determined. In this study, a phosphorylation site(s) at residue 78 and/or 103 of CM2 was replaced with an alanine residue(s), and the effects of the loss of phosphorylation on influenza C virus replication were analyzed. No significant differences were observed in the packaging of the reporter gene between influenza C virus-like particles (VLPs) produced from 293T cells expressing wild-type CM2 and those from the cells expressing the CM2 mutants lacking the phosphorylation site(s). Reporter gene expression in HMV-II cells infected with VLPs containing the CM2 mutants was inhibited in comparison with that in cells infected with wild-type VLPs. The virus production of the recombinant influenza C virus possessing CM2 mutants containing a serine-to-alanine change at residue 78 was significantly lower than that of wild-type recombinant influenza C virus. Furthermore, the virus growth of the recombinant viruses possessing CM2 with a serine-to-aspartic acid change at position 78, to mimic constitutive phosphorylation, was virtually identical to that of the wild-type virus. These results suggest that phosphorylation of CM2 plays a role in efficient virus replication, probably through the addition of a negative charge to the Ser78 phosphorylation site.IMPORTANCE It is well-known that many host and viral proteins are posttranslationally modified by phosphorylation, which plays a role in the functions of these proteins. In influenza A and B viruses, phosphorylation of viral proteins NP, M1, NS1, and the nuclear export protein (NEP), which are not integrated into the membranes, affects the functions of these proteins, thereby affecting virus replication. However, it was reported that phosphorylation of the influenza A virus M2 ion channel protein, which is integrated into the membrane, has no effect on virus replication in vitro or in vivo We previously demonstrated that the influenza C virus CM2 ion channel protein is modified by N-glycosylation, oligomerization, palmitoylation, and phosphorylation and have analyzed the effects of these modifications, except phosphorylation, on virus replication. This is the first report demonstrating that phosphorylation of the influenza C virus CM2 ion channel protein, unlike that of the influenza A virus M2 protein, plays a role in virus replication.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Goto T,Shimotai Y,Matsuzaki Y,Muraki Y,Sho R,Sugawara K,Hongo Sdoi
10.1128/JVI.00773-17subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-10-27 00:00:00issue
22eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.00773-17journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Hepatitis C virus core protein forms the viral nucleocapsid and plays a critical role in the formation of infectious particles. In this study, we demonstrate that the highly conserved residue G33, located within domain 1 of the core protein, is important for the production of cell culture-infectious virus (HCVcc). Ala...
journal_title:Journal of virology
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doi:10.1128/JVI.32.2.593-605.1979
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00557-09
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.65.5.2572-2577.1991
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journal_title:Journal of virology
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abstract::To gain insight into the cellular regulation of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) trans activation, a lambda-gt11 cDNA library was constructed with mRNA isolated from a BLV-induced tumor and the recombinant proteins were screened with an oligonucleotide corresponding to the tax activation-responsive element (TAR). Two clone...
journal_title:Journal of virology
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doi:10.1128/JVI.66.2.766-772.1992
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abstract::Vaccinia virus replication is inhibited by etoposide and mitoxantrone even though poxviruses do not encode the type II topoisomerases that are the specific targets of these drugs. Furthermore, one can isolate drug-resistant virus carrying mutations in the viral DNA ligase and yet the ligase is not known to exhibit sen...
journal_title:Journal of virology
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.80.7.3624-3633.2006
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.32.3.860-875.1979
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.5.2860-2864.1992
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.2.7.702-709.1968
更新日期:1968-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.25.2.687-692.1978
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple steps of the life cycle of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are known to be coupled to hepatic metabolism. However, the details of involvement of the hepatic metabolic milieu in HBV infection remain incompletely understood. Hepatic lipid metabolism is controlled by a complicated transcription factor network centered o...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01771-17
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.6.3.280-285.1970
更新日期:1970-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.41.1.326-329.1982
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
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doi:10.1128/JVI.64.7.3259-3264.1990
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journal_title:Journal of virology
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
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doi:10.1128/JVI.72.7.6199-6206.1998
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.9.3506-3508.1988
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::T-antigen-induced DNA distortion was studied in a series of simian virus 40 (SV40) plasmid constructs whose relative replication efficiency ranges from 0.2 to 36. Bending was detected in the wild-type SV40 regulatory region consisting of three copies of the GC-rich 21-bp repeat but not in constructs with only one or t...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.38.1.184-190.1981
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.41.1.78-87.1982
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.63.11.4913-4918.1989
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00