Abstract:
:Appropriate antibiotic dosing in critically ill, infected, patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is crucial to improve patient outcomes. Severe sepsis and septic shock result in changes in pharmacokinetic parameters, including increased volume of distribution, hypoalbuminemia, and changes in renal and nonrenal clearances. The lack of CRRT standardization, nonrecognition of how CRRT variability affects antibiotic removal, fear of antibiotic toxicity, and limited drug dosing resources all contribute to suboptimal antibiotic therapy. Even when antibiotic CRRT pharmacokinetic studies are available, they are often based on old CRRT methodologies that do not exist in contemporary CRRT practice, resulting in unhelpful/inaccurate dosing recommendations. Application of these older doses in Monte Carlo simulation studies reveals that many of the recommended dosing regimens will never attain pharmacodynamic targets. In this review, using cefepime as an example, we illustrate whether clinicians are likely to achieve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets when the recommended dosing regimens are prescribed in this patient population. We encourage clinicians to aggressively dose antibiotics with large loading dose and higher maintenance doses to reach the targets.
journal_name
Semin Dialjournal_title
Seminars in dialysisauthors
Shaw AR,Chaijamorn W,Mueller BAdoi
10.1111/sdi.12496subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-07-01 00:00:00pages
278-80issue
4eissn
0894-0959issn
1525-139Xjournal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::While oral diuretics are commonly used in patients with chronic kidney disease for the management of volume and blood pressure, they are often discontinued upon initiation of dialysis. We suggest that diuretics are considerably underutilized in peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis patients despite numerous potential ...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1111/sdi.12483
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in-center dialysis unit and practice of dialysis, in the current multi-team approach, requires knowledge and skills in all the domains including medical expert, communicator, collaborator, scholar, health advocate, and leader. We are tasked as a community, to embrace and incentivize new innovations and technology ...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sdi.12668
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Computed tomographic (CT) peritoneography has been widely used as reference standard to evaluate continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-related complications. However, given the varying CT peritoneography approaches used across different institutions, there is no standard value for non-ionic iodinated contrast medi...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sdi.12867
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous iron is an important component of the treatment of anemia of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but it is biologically plausible that iron could increase the risk of infection through impairment of neutrophil and T-cell function and promotion of microbial growth. Any such increase in risk would be particularl...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/sdi.12168
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining dry weight and assessing extracellular fluid volume in hemodialysis (HD) patients is one of the greatest challenges to practicing nephrologists. The clinical examination has limited accuracy, so different strategies have been investigated to aid in this evaluation. Biochemical markers of volume overload (A...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1525-139x.2004.17112.x
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early versus later start of dialysis is still a matter of debate. Low-protein diets have been used for many decades to delay dialysis initiation. Protein-restricted diets (0.3-0.6 g protein/kg/day) supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues (sVLPD) can be offered, in association with pharmacological tre...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/sdi.12132
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is common in hemodialysis patients and is linked with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Regarding importance of nutrition in these patients, a recent study was administered to evaluate the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients. MATERIALS:In this cross-sectional stu...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sdi.12917
更新日期:2020-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) are the vascular accesses of choice for long-term hemodialysis. Strategies to establish and maintain functioning AVFs and AVGs are essential. In addition to clinical evaluation, ultrasound plays a critical role in the evaluation and maintenance of AVFs and ...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/sdi.12599
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hospitalizations drive up to 35% of the astronomical costs of care for patients on hemodialysis and are associated with poor outcomes. We describe outpatient care-sensitive categories of hospitalization risks in an effort to engage stakeholders and patients, as stakeholders, in mitigating hospitalizations. These categ...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/sdi.12675
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF KDOQI) guidelines recommend Doppler ultrasound (DU) for surveillance of vascular access (VA), but trials have not been unanimous about its benefit on VA patency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of DU for patency, as well as t...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sdi.12334
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hemodialysis access may lead to cardiac overload (CO) or hand ischemia [hemodialysis access induced distal ischemia (HAIDI). Surgical banding restricts access flow and promotes distal perfusion. Aim of the study was to investigate short- and long-term clinical success of banding in these patient groups. After evalua...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-139X.2008.00537.x
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the current understanding that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disorder, markers of the associated systemic inflammatory response have been extensively studied as predictors of cardiovascular disease. Recently the use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has been proposed for risk assessment in indiv...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1525-139X.2006.00138.x
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemodialysis patients are susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, and mortality-related risk factors for those who undergoing hemodialysis with COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective study. A total of 49 hemodialysis patie...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sdi.12928
更新日期:2020-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Tunneled dialysis catheters (TDC) become dysfunctional because of placement problems, infection, thrombosis, and fibrin sheath formation. Occasional patients who are catheter dependant develop frequent catheter dysfunction because of thrombosis or thrombosis associated with fibrin sheath formation. This article attemp...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-139X.2010.00802.x
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac hypertrophy is a relatively common complication seen in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Moreover, cardiac hypertrophy is even more frequently seen in patients with ESRD who have an arteriovenous (AV) access. There has been substantial evidence pertaining ...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/sdi.12313
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fatigue is common in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients and impacts on daily living, impairs significantly the quality of life, increases the risk of cardiovascular events and negatively influences survival. Although numerous social, demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables have been associated with fatigue, th...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1525-139X.2011.00956.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are numerous patient, provider, and health system barriers to accessing kidney transplantation. Patient barriers such as sociocultural and clinical characteristics and provider factors such as provider knowledge and awareness of transplantation play important roles in facilitating transplant. Health system facto...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sdi.12860
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension among patients on hemodialysis is common, difficult to diagnose and often inadequately controlled. Although specific blood pressure (BP) targets in this particular population are not yet established, meta-analyses of randomized trials showed that deliberate BP-lowering with antihypertensive drugs improves...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/sdi.12741
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure is mainly due to venous stenosis characterized by significant amount of intima-media thickening (IMT), probably in the presence of negative (inward) remodeling. Our hypothesis is that the longitudinal changes in wall shear stress (WSS) within different configurations of AVF can infl...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sdi.12045
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade, patients returning to dialysis after a failed transplant comprised of 5-10% of the annual number of dialysis initiations in the United States, whereas retransplant candidates account for 5.0-13% of the annual deceased donor wait-list additions. The United States Renal Data System (USRDS) database...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1525-139X.2011.00864.x
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) nonmaturation is currently a significant clinical problem; however, the mechanisms responsible for this have remained unanswered. Previous work by our group and others has suggested that anatomical configuration and the corresponding hemodynamic endpoints could have an important role in AVF...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-139X.2012.01112.x
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have shown that patients with high peritoneal transport characteristics have substantially increased morbidity and mortality. This finding is counter-intuitive, since HTs will a priori achieve higher clearances. There are many possible causes: increased protein losses with consequent hypoalbuminemia; po...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1525-139x.2000.00051.x
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have found that hemodialysis graft surveillance combined with preemptive correction of stenosis does not prolong graft survival. Nevertheless, such programs may be justified if they reduce other adverse outcomes or decrease the cost of care. This study tested this hypoth...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1525-139X.2005.00102.x
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a modality in renal replacement therapy has been well established. In this article we review various aspects in the evolution of PD, with special emphasis on adequacy. Until the late 1950s PD was still considered as a last resort in the treatment of terminal uremia. The introduc...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1525-139x.2001.00071.x
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dialysis industry is one of the most highly concentrated healthcare sectors in the United States. Despite decades of growth in the number of patients with end-stage renal disease and in the size of dialysis markets, two large dialysis organizations currently care for more than two-thirds of the dialysis population...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sdi.12855
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemodialysis patient outcomes are often suboptimal, with one-sixth of patients receiving an inadequate dialysis dose, one-fourth using catheters for vascular access, and more than one-half being malnourished. This review describes a four-step approach for improving dialysis patient outcomes. First, select an outcome t...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1525-139x.2002.00013.x
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caring for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in the United States is challenging, due in part to the complex epidemiology of the disease's progression as well as the ways in which care is delivered. As CKD progresses toward ESKD, the number of comorbidities increases and care involves multiple healthcare p...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sdi.12929
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Universal lower dialysate [Na+] is often advocated as a means of improving the dire cardiovascular plight of our dialysis patients. However, there is evidence associating lower dialysate [Na+] and increased morbidity and mortality especially in frailer patients, probably as a result of more frequent intra-dialytic hyp...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1111/j.1525-139X.2012.01072.x
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data derived from a large cohort of hemodialysis patients (12,896) undergoing dialysis access maintenance procedures being performed by interventional nephrologists were analyzed to determine the safety of sedation/analgesia (S/A) in a freestanding facility. Data collected included patient demographics, procedures per...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1525-139X.2011.00844.x
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nephrologists offer renal replacement therapy (RRT) to patients who are unlikely to benefit in part because of our discomfort discussing goals of care in the setting of an uncertain prognosis for a given individual. Permanent neurological impairment, terminal illness (life expectancy <6 months), medical conditions pre...
journal_title:Seminars in dialysis
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/sdi.12492
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00