Abstract:
:No recommended guidelines currently exist for the therapeutic concentration or dose of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) injected into the muscle to treat limb spasticity. Therefore, in this randomized controlled trial, we explored the safety and efficacy of two concentrations and two doses of BTXA in the treatment of spastic foot after stroke to optimize this treatment in these patients. Eligible patients (n = 104) were randomized into four groups. The triceps surae and tibialis posterior on the affected side were injected with BTXA at one of two doses (200 U or 400 U) and two concentrations (50 U/mL or 100 U/mL). The following assessments were conducted before as well as 4 days and 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after treatment: spasticity, assessed using the modified Ashworth scale; basic functional mobility, assessed using a timed up and go test; pace, assessed using a 10-meter timed walking test; and the ability to walk, assessed using Holden's graded scale and a visual analog scale. The reported results are based on the 89 patients that completed the study. We found significant differences for the two doses and concentrations of BTXA to improve the ability of patients to walk independently, with the high-dose/low-concentration combination providing the best effect. Onset and duration of the ameliorating effects of BTXA were 4-7 days and 12 weeks, respectively. Thus, BTXA effectively treated foot spasms after stroke at an optimal dose of 400 U and concentration of 50 U/mL.
journal_name
Neural Regen Resjournal_title
Neural regeneration researchauthors
Li J,Zhang R,Cui BL,Zhang YX,Bai GT,Gao SS,Li WJdoi
10.4103/1673-5374.215257subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-09-01 00:00:00pages
1451-1457issue
9eissn
1673-5374issn
1876-7958pii
NRR-12-1451journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Proanthocyanidins have been shown to effectively protect ischemic neurons, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. Ginkgo proanthocyanidins (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours before reperfusion. Results showed that ginkgo proanthocyanidins could effectively mitigate neur...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.194722
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glaucoma has been recently characterized as a member of the group of anoikis-related diseases. Anoikis, a form of apoptosis, can be triggered by the unfastening of adherent junctions present in astrocytes. In those areas of the central nervous system in which the soma of the neurons or their axons and dendrites are me...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.249215
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we tried to verify the neuroprotective effect of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne (CIL) extract, which has been used as a botanical drug in East Asia, against ischemic damage and to explore the underlying mechanism involving the anti-inflammatory approach. A gerbil was given CIL extract for 7 consecutive day...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.177735
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is involved in neural cell death after cerebral ischemia. Our previous studies showed that rapamycin-induced autophagy decreased the rate of apoptosis, but the rate of apoptosis was creased after the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, was used. In this study, a suture-occluded method was performed to gene...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.23.001
更新日期:2013-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin (CEGI) injection is known as a multi-target neuroprotective drug that contains numerous liposoluble molecules, such as polypeptides, monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside (GM-1), free amino acids, hypoxanthine and carnosine. CEGI has been approved by the Chinese State Food and Drug ...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.290899
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that induction of ketosis by ketogenic diet (KD) conveyed neuroprotection following spinal cord injury in rodent models, however, clinical translation may be limited by the slow raise of ketone levels when applying KD in the acute post-injury period. Thus we investigated the use of exogenous k...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.280327
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emerging evidence supports that the stress response to peripheral nerve injury extends beyond the injured neuron, with alterations in associated transcription factors detected both locally and remote to the lesion. Stress-induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor forkhead class box O3a (FOXO3a) was ini...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.284999
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential impact of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype variations on development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is not well determined. This study aimed to identify the association of HLA class II alleles with DPN in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Totally 106 T2D patients, 49 with DPN and 57 without ...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.194756
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurotropic herpesviruses have been associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease, a common form of dementia that afflicts a large percentage of elderly individuals. Interestingly, among the neurotropic herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus-1, human herpesvirus-6A, and human herpesvirus-6B have been r...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.253508
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thalidomide is an effective drug for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis but might induce peripheral neuropathy. This major adverse reaction has attracted much concern. The current study aimed to observe the incidence of thalidomide-induced peripheral neuropathy among ankylosing spondylitis patients for 1 year aft...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.156988
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sciatic nerves from allogeneic Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with chondroitinase ABC and were used to bridge damaged sciatic nerves in Wistar rats. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans were removed from the chemically extracted acellular nerves. At 3 months after grafting, the footplate pinch test result was positi...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.01.010
更新日期:2012-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Electroacupuncture has been shown to improve cerebral blood flow in animal models of stroke. However, it is unclear whether electroacupuncture alters miRNA expression in the cortex. In this study, we examined changes in the cerebral cortical miRNA profile, cerebral blood flow and neurological function induced by elect...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.197135
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical studies have shown that hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves motor function in patients with spinal cord injury. In the present study, we explored the mechanisms associated with the recovery of neurological function after hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a rat model of spinal cord injury. We established an acute sp...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.147951
更新日期:2014-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Injuries to the central or peripheral nervous system frequently cause long-term disabilities because damaged neurons are unable to efficiently self-repair. This inherent deficiency necessitates the need for new treatment options aimed at restoring lost function to patients. Compared to humans, a number of species poss...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.230271
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, play a fundamental role in the activity of the nervous system, participating in signal transmission between neurons and providing the interaction of central nervous system with all body systems. In many neurodegenerative diseases, neurons pack toxic substan...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.266908
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single-chain variable domain fragment (scFv) 637 is an antigen-specific scFv of myasthenia gravis. In this study, scFv and human serum albumin genes were conjugated and the fusion protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The affinity of scFv-human serum albumin fusion protein to bind to acetylcholine receptor at the ...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.131611
更新日期:2014-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::A model of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was established in mice. Mice were treated with ketamine via intraperitoneal injection immediately following ischemia or ischemia/reperfusion. Ketamine did not remarkably change infarct volume in mice immediately following ischemia, but injection immediately following ische...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.11.006
更新日期:2012-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions worldwide. Due to population ageing, the incidence of AD is increasing. AD patients develop cognitive decline and dementia, features for which is known, requiring permanent care. This poses a major socio-economic burden on healthcare system...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.300323
更新日期:2021-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple regeneration of axonal buds has been shown to exist during the repair of peripheral nerve injury, which confirms a certain repair potential of the injured peripheral nerve. Therefore, a systematic nerve transposition repair technique has been proposed to treat severe peripheral nerve injury. During nerve tran...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.247473
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The signaling mechanisms underlying ischemia-induced nerve cell apoptosis are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of apoptosis-related signal transduction pathways following ischemic spinal cord injury, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), serine-threonine protein kinase (Akt) and c-Jun N-...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.170313
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and contribute to all aspects of cellular function. We previously reported that the activities of several mitochondria-enriched miRNAs regulating inflammation (i.e., miR-142-3p, miR-142-5p, and miR-146a) are altere...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.293149
更新日期:2021-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) is a key regulatory protein involved in inflammatory secretion in microglia in the central nervous system. Our previous studies showed that ROCK inhibition enhances phagocytic activity in microglia through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, but its effect on...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.230294
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acupuncture has been shown to ameliorate cognitive impairment of Alzheimer's disease. Acupoints and stimulation frequency influence the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture. Rat models of Alzheimer's disease were established by injecting amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42) into the bilateral lateral ventricles. Electroacup...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.238620
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simple regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways is not enough to trigger cell apoptosis. However, activation of the stress activated pathway (JNK/p38 MAPK) together with inhibition of the growth factor activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) path...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.235294
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schwann cells and neurotrophin-3 play an important role in neural regeneration, but the secretion of neurotrophin-3 from Schwann cells is limited, and exogenous neurotrophin-3 is inactived easily in vivo. In this study, we have transfected neurotrophin-3 into Schwann cells cultured in vitro using nanoparticle liposome...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.14.002
更新日期:2013-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic activation of microglial cells endangers neuronal survival through the release of various proinflammatory and neurotoxic factors. The root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall has been considered useful for the treatment of various disorders in traditional oriental medicine. Paeonol, found in the root of Paeonia lactifl...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.18.001
更新日期:2013-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Severe edema in the endoneurium can occur after non-freezing cold injury to the peripheral nerve, which suggests damage to the blood-nerve barrier. To determine the effects of cold injury on the blood-nerve barrier, the sciatic nerve on one side of Wistar rats was treated with low temperatures (3-5°C) for 2 hours. The...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.153690
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ototoxic drugs can be used to produce a loss of cochlear hair cells to create animal models of deafness. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the establishment of a rat deafness model through the combined application of aminoglycosides and loop diuretics. The aim of this study was to use single...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.153704
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous animal studies have shown that stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) signaling pathway plays an important role in the targeted migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to the injured area. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential role ...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.224382
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study illustrates that graphene oxide nanosheets can endow materials with continuous electrical conductivity for up to 4 weeks. Conductive nerve scaffolds can bridge a sciatic nerve injury and guide the growth of neurons; however, whether the scaffolds can be used for the repair of spinal cord nerve injuries remai...
journal_title:Neural regeneration research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/1673-5374.306095
更新日期:2021-09-01 00:00:00