Abstract：
:Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are defined as exogenous chemicals, or mixtures of chemicals, that can interfere with any aspect of hormone action. The field of endocrine disruption is historically rooted in wildlife biology and reproductive endocrinology where EDCs are demonstrated contributors to infertility, premature puberty, endometriosis, and other disorders. Recently, EDCs have been implicated in metabolic syndrome and obesity. Adipose tissue is a true endocrine organ and, therefore, an organ that is highly susceptible to disturbance by EDCs. A subset of EDCs, called "obesogens," promote adiposity by altering programming of fat cell development, increasing energy storage in fat tissue, and interfering with neuroendocrine control of appetite and satiety. Obesity adds more than $200 billion to US healthcare costs and the number of obese individuals continues to increase. Hence, there is an urgent, unmet need to understand the mechanisms underlying how exposures to certain EDCs may predispose our population to be obese. In this review, we discuss the history of obesogen discovery from its origins in reproductive biology to its latest role in the transgenerational inheritance of obesity in mice. We discuss the development of adipose tissue in an embryo, maintenance of adipocyte number in adults, how EDC disruption programs stem cells to preferentially make more adipocytes, the mechanisms by which chemicals can permanently alter the germline epigenome, and whether there are barriers to EDCs in the gametes.
journal_name
Am J Obstet Gynecoljournal_title
American journal of obstetrics and gynecologyauthors
Janesick AS,Blumberg Bdoi
10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.182subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-05-01 00:00:00pages
559-65issue
5eissn
0002-9378issn
1097-6868pii
S0002-9378(16)00232-5journal_volume
214pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The relationship of maternal amino acids, proteins, and certain other factors to fetal development (weight and cranial volume at birth and mental and motor scores at 8 months of age) was investigated in 129 gravidas. Maternal prepregnancy weight was significantly related to birth weight and cranial volume in the newbo...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33441-x
更新日期：1975-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to report the distribution of pelvic support among a population-based sample of middle-aged community-dwelling women, as defined by pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) and study factors that might influence POP-Q measurements. STUDY DESIGN:We conducted a secondary analy...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2008.01.054
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Matings between mice carrying the heterozygous autosomal gene Steel produce 25% homozygous Sl/Sld mutants having agametic gonads composed of somatic tissue alone. Mutants show a normal 1:1 male:female sex ratio and gonadal sex corresponds to genotypic sex. Gonads from both normal and mutant male and female fetuses wer...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(83)90319-8
更新日期：1983-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnesium sulfate is primarily used for its anticonvulsive effects in treating hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. However, we have frequently observed significant falls in blood pressure in patients suffering from severe pregnancy-induced hypertension in whom little or no additional hypotensive medication was necess...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(84)90106-6
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study was undertaken to compare the calciuric response in symptom-free primigravid women to an oral calcium load between those with normal urinary calcium excretions and those with relatively low urinary calcium excretions. STUDY DESIGN:This was a prospective clinical trial. Eligible primigravid women b...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70028-1
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intervillous placental blood flow and indices of fetal heart rate variability were measured from seven healthy pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy, once before and twice after smoking one cigarette. A blood flow reduction was observed in seven, a rise in five, and no change in two measurements. When inte...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(83)90975-4
更新日期：1983-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The rates of maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States demand a comprehensive approach to assessing pregnancy-related risks. Numerous medical and nonmedical factors contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality. Reducing the number of women who experience pregnancy morbidity requires identifying which wom...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2020.12.006
更新日期：2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Venous thromboembolism events, including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are the most common cause of preventable deaths in hospitalized patients in the United States. Although the risk of venous thromboembolism events in benign gynecologic surgery is generally low, the potential for venous thr...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.020
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study was undertaken to establish the optimal threshold of birth weight discordance for prediction of adverse outcome in liveborn, non-malformed preterm twins. STUDY DESIGN:We accessed a cohort of twin gestations for the period 1990 through 2000 delivered at less than 37.0 weeks' gestation. Adverse neon...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2004.05.053
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-five pregnant women without complications underwent fetal heart rate evaluation during a program involving exercise at a relative intensity of 61% to 73% of maximal capacity during the course of the pregnancy. Assessment of the influence of gestational age on the fetal heart rate response to exercise and evalua...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(85)90277-7
更新日期：1985-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In the conservative management of premature rupture of the membranes, most patients have oligohydramnios caused by continuous leakage of amniotic fluid. To avoid unfavorable effects of oligohydramnios on fetal development and well-being, we infused physiologic saline solution continuously into the amniotic cavity at a...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(89)90243-3
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine the rates of late preterm inductions without a medical indication from birth certificate data and to compare them with rates that were obtained from medical charts. STUDY DESIGN:The Ohio Perinatal Quality Collaborative, which comprises 20 hospitals in Ohio that came...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2010.07.004
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial overutilization accelerates the development of bacterial resistance. A prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial of vaginal hysterectomy prophylaxis was designed to compare the efficacy, safety, and costs of cefazolin with those of cefoxitin and cefotaxime. Sixteen women (7.5%) developed febrile mo...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(87)90144-x
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We sought to determine the pregnancy and infant outcomes of women with gestational diabetes who attempted vaginal birth after previous cesarean delivery. STUDY DESIGN:We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare women with gestational diabetes with matched control subjects without diabetes who attemp...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mob.2001.115176
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of 3-dimensional (3D) power Doppler imaging to predict neonatal outcome and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). STUDY DESIGN:In this prospective observational study, 3D-power Doppler ultrasonography was perfor...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2006.05.010
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to study the effect of oophorectomy on the passive and active mechanical characteristics of rabbit small cerebral and small coronary arteries. STUDY DESIGN:Ring preparations of small cerebral and small coronary arteries from rabbits that had undergone oophorectomy and sham operation were moun...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70040-6
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred fifty-eight intravenous saline solution infusions (3 mmol Na per kilogram body weight) were performed in (1) normal primigravid women during the second and third trimesters and post partum, after 1 week of either a high, low, or ad libitum salt intake; (2) normotensive primigravid women during midpregnancy...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(88)80071-1
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mercury exposure during pregnancy can have serious health effects for a developing fetus including impacting the child's neurologic and cognitive development. Through biomonitoring in a low-income Latina population in California, we identified a patient with high levels of mercury and traced the source to face creams ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2013.05.030
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to compare the effects on hemostasis variables of a contraceptive vaginal ring with those of an oral contraceptive. STUDY DESIGN:Twenty-three and 22 healthy premenopausal women were randomized to the contraceptive vaginal ring (150 microg Nestorone and 15 microg ethinyl estradiol) or Stediri...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2005.12.007
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A chart for displaying neonatal survival data regarding low birth weight and early gestational age is presented. Survival data at two institutions for infants with low birth weight and early gestational age are compared. This format is useful for student and resident teaching, for counseling parents-to-be about potent...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(84)90026-7
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four cases of immature teratoma of the ovary are presented and the recent literature is reviewed. The majority of these tumors were confined to one ovary at the time of diagnosis, and more than 75% occurred in women under 25 years of age. The two most important prognostic parameters were stage of disease and histologi...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(83)90813-x
更新日期：1983-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We sought to characterize the labor of women attempting trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) who experience uterine rupture. STUDY DESIGN:We conducted a secondary analysis of a nested case-control study of women attempting TOLAC. Women experiencing uterine rupture (cases) were compared to 2 reference groups...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2012.06.028
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Permanent congenital brachial plexus palsy is a recognized serious complication associated with shoulder dystocia. The timing and etiology of this injury remains controversial. Previous authorities have used adult-derived, non-brachial plexus data to extrapolate the anticipated timing for electromyographic de...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70478-8
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study second-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were analyzed from 146 pregnancies associated with fetal open spina bifida to identify whether affected pregnancies from the black population were associated with higher maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels than their white counterparts. ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(90)90379-l
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four hundred twenty-nine patients were entered into four prospective randomized clinical studies between January 1, 1973, and July 1, 1979. The records of 395 of these were analyzed to determine the proportion of patients surviving 48 months after therapy initiation. Ninety-six patients (24%) were living at 48 months,...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(84)90543-x
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A computer program for pattern recognition of fetal electroencephalogram has been used to analyze the records of nine fetuses, known to be neurologically abnormal at 1 year of age. In 4,913 10 second epochs of adequate FEEG, Low Voltage Irregular (LVI) accounted for 17.8 per cent, Mixed activity (MIX) for 30.5 per cen...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Alterations in circulating angiogenic factors are associated with the diagnosis of preeclampsia and correlate with adverse perinatal outcomes during the third trimester. OBJECTIVE:Analysis of the sequential levels of plasma angiogenic factors among patients admitted for evaluation of preeclampsia. STUDY DE...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.168
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An electronic system for the detection of uterine contractions by impedance measurement was evaluated in 30 subjects during the first stage of labor. The advantage of the system was patient comfort and ease of application of the recording electrodes. Simultaneous recordings of uterine contraction activity with convent...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(77)90586-5
更新日期：1977-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Seventeen patients in whom uterine activity responded favorably to parenteral magnesium sulfate were given oral magnesium gluconate for continued tocolysis. The mean serum magnesium level before therapy was 1.44 +/- 0.22 mg/100 ml, whereas 2 hours after initiation of oral magnesium it was 2.16 +/- 0.32 mg/100 ml (p le...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(87)90299-7
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To test the hypothesis that long-term deprivation of endogenous luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) during the course of pregnancy may account for the lack of gonadotropin in the puerperium, six normal postpartum women were treated with the potent and long-acting LRF agonist (D-Trp6, Pro9-NEt)-LRF. A 50 microgr...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(79)90387-9
更新日期：1979-11-15 00:00:00
