Abstract：
:The majority of cancer-related deaths result from metastasis, the process by which cancer cells escape the primary tumor site and enter into the blood circulation in order to disseminate to secondary locations throughout the body. Tumor cells found within the circulation are referred to as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and their detection and enumeration correlate with poor prognosis. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that imparts epithelial cells with mesenchymal-like properties, thus facilitating tumor cell dissemination and contributing to metastasis. However, EMT also results in the downregulation of various epithelial proteins typically utilized by CTC technologies for enrichment and detection of these rare cells, resulting in reduced detection of some CTCs, potentially those with a more metastatic phenotype. In addition to the current clinical role of CTCs as a prognostic biomarker, they also have potential as a predictive biomarker via CTC characterization. However, CTC characterization is complicated by the unknown biological significance of CTCs possessing an EMT-like phenotype, and the ability to capture and understand this CTC subpopulation is an essential step in the utilization of CTCs for patient management. This chapter will review the process of EMT and its contribution to metastasis; discusses current and future clinical applications of CTCs; and describes both traditional and novel methods for CTC enrichment, detection, and characterization with a specific focus on CTCs with an EMT phenotype.
journal_name
Adv Clin Chemjournal_title
Advances in clinical chemistryauthors
Lowes LE,Allan ALdoi
10.1016/bs.acc.2017.10.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-01-01 00:00:00pages
121-181eissn
0065-2423issn
2162-9471pii
S0065-2423(17)30063-Xjournal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Aggressive behavior exerts an enormous impact on society remaining among the main causes of worldwide premature death. Effective primary interventions, relying on predictive models of aggression that show adequate sensitivity and specificity are currently lacking. One strategy to increase the accuracy and precision of...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2019.07.004
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microfluidics is an emerging field in diagnostics that allows for extremely precise fluid control and manipulation, enabling rapid and high-throughput sample processing in integrated micro-scale medical systems. These platforms are well-suited for both standard clinical settings and point-of-care applications. The uni...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2019.08.001
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abstract：:The abnormal breakdown of circulating red blood cells (RBCs), also known as hemolysis, is a significant clinical issue that can present as a primary disorder or arise secondary to another disease process. The evaluation for pathologic hemolysis (and the establishment of a hemolytic disorder) is heavily dependent on as...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2018.12.006
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abstract：:The recent development and introduction into clinical and laboratory practice of the novel highly sensitive cardiac troponin assays has contributed to improve the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients presenting with suspected myocardial injury and acute coronary syndrome at the emergency department (ED). The ...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the discovery of group-specific component and its polymorphism by Hirschfeld in 1959, research has put spotlight on this multifunctional transport protein (vitamin D binding protein, DBP). Besides the transport of vitamin D metabolites, DBP is a plasma glycoprotein with many important functions, including seques...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/b978-0-12-800094-6.00001-7
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abstract：:The cellular receptor for urokinase, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) plays a central role in localizing its ligand, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and thereby the plasminogen activation to the cell surface. uPA converts the proenzyme plasminogen to plasmin, which is involved in degrada...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age affecting various functions including reproduction and metabolism. This syndrome is associated with increased prevalence of subclinical cardiovascular disease as well as endometrial and ovarian cancer. This syndrome is high...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2015.06.001
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Part II of this review we consider the very common case of multiple inputs to a measurement process. We derive, using only elementary steps and the basic mathematics covered in Part I, the formula for the propagation of uncertainties from the inputs to the output. The Gaussian density distribution is briefly explai...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2018.02.003
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutathione (GSH), often referred to as "the master antioxidant," participates not only in antioxidant defense systems, but many metabolic processes, and therefore its role cannot be overstated. GSH deficiency causes cellular risk for oxidative damage and thus as expected, GSH imbalance is observed in a wide range of ...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2018.07.004
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aromatase is a specific component of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system that is responsible for the transformation of C19 androgen precursors into C18 estrogenic compounds. This enzyme is encoded by the CYP19A1 gene located at chromosome 15q21.2, that is expressed in ovary and testis not only but also in many extraglan...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/b978-0-12-387025-4.00006-6
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolomics is the quantitative analysis of a large number of low molecular weight metabolites that are intermediate or final products of all the metabolic pathways in a living organism. Any metabolic profiles detectable in a human biological fluid are caused by the interaction between gene expression and the environ...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2015.12.006
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Publication of the human proteome has prompted efforts to develop high-throughput techniques that can catalogue and quantify proteins and peptides present in different tissue types. The field of proteomics aims to identify, quantify, analyze, and functionally define a large number of proteins in cellular processes in ...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0065-2423(09)47006-9
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently circularized RNA moieties that despite being relatively abundant were only recently identified and have only begun to be investigated within the last couple of years. Even though there are many thousands of genes that appear capable of producing circRNAs, and the fact that many ...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2020.02.008
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This monograph on the clinical chemistry of vitamin B12 reviews the literature on daily requirements, methods for measurement, the effects of drugs on vitamin B12 metabolism absorption, pregnancy, clinical conditions associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, errors of metabolism, and reactions to vitamin therapy. Altho...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0065-2423(08)60273-5
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Laboratory testing for drugs of abuse has become standard practice in many settings both forensic and clinical. Urine is the predominant specimen, but other specimens are possible including hair, nails, sweat, and oral fluid. Point-of-care test kits provide for rapid analysis at the site where specimens are collected ...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2016.11.003
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Marine organisms are a rich source of sulfated polysaccharides with unique structures. Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) from the sea cucumber Ludwigothurea grisea and sulfated galactan from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis are one of these unusual molecules. Besides their uncommon structures, they also ex...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/b978-0-12-800096-0.00007-x
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise is a well-known non-pharmacologic agent used to prevent and treat a wide range of pathologic conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular disease. In this sense, the classic field of exercise physiology has determined the main theoretical and practical bases of physiologic adaptations in response to exerci...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2019.11.003
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During winter hibernation, small mammals fall into long periods of deep cold torpor where metabolic rate is suppressed by > 90% and core body temperature can fall to near 0 degrees C. Studies with hibernators illustrate the molecular regulatory mechanisms that coordinate the suppression of metabolic functions during t...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) play an important role in modulating the mucosal integrity and various functions of the alimentary tract, and E type PGs are most effective in these actions. PGE2 protects against acid reflux esophagitis and affords gastric cytoprotection against ethanol and indomethacin. These effects ...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0065-2423(10)51005-9
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human adults produce around 1000 mmol of ammonia daily. Some is reutilized in biosynthesis. The remainder is waste and neurotoxic. Eventually most is excreted in urine as urea, together with ammonia used as a buffer. In extrahepatic tissues, ammonia is incorporated into nontoxic glutamine and released into blood. Larg...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2014.09.002
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multidrug resistance represents a major obstacle in the successful therapy of neoplastic diseases. Studies have demonstrated that this form of drug resistance occurs in cultured tumor cell lines as well as in human cancers. P-glycoprotein appears to play an important role in such cells by acting as an energy-dependent...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0065-2423(08)60332-7
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease occurs in significant percentage of general population. NAFLD is closely associated with entire spectrum of metabolic-related disorders including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Considering several similar pathways underpinning metabol...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2016.10.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) represent a heterogeneous family of autoantibodies directed against structural endothelial proteins, as well as antigens adhering to endothelial cells. Although AECA immunoassays still show a high-interlaboratory variability, several findings suggest a pathogenic role of these a...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0065-2423(06)42008-4
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Menopause is a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. MetS is a constellation of interdependent factors such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of MetS in postmenopause is due to ...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2015.07.001
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an extremely aggressive tumor which develops in the epithelial lining of the lungs. Exposure to asbestos is the most influential risk factor for developing this disease. Despite recent advances in the treatment of other types of cancer, patients with mesothelioma currently face ...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Due to its importance both in the clearance of pathogens that contribute as rheumatic etiological agents and in the disposal of apoptotic bodies and potential autoimmune initiators, deficiencies of the components of the lectin pathway of complement have been found to increase susceptibility and modulate the severity o...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/b978-0-12-394317-0.00012-1
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sepsis is the primary cause of death in the intensive care unit. The prevention of sepsis complications requires an early and accurate diagnosis as well as the appropriate mon itoring. A deep knowledge of the immunologic basis of sepsis is essential to better understand the scope of incorporating a new marker into cli...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/b978-0-12-800141-7.00002-4
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Specific nucleic acid detection in vitro or in vivo has become increasingly important in the discovery of genetic diseases, diagnosing pathogen infection and monitoring disease treatment. One challenge, however, is that the amount of target nucleic acid in specimens is limited. Furthermore, direct sensing methods are ...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2019.03.002
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recognition that cardiac myocytes die by multiple mechanisms and thus substantially affect ventricular remodeling in diseased human hearts supports the concept of ongoing myocyte death in the progression of heart failure and constitutes the basis of this review. In addition, based on the pathophysiology of myocard...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0065-2423(05)40002-5
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metaproteomics, as a subfield of proteomics, has quickly emerged as a pivotal tool for global characterization of a microbiome system at a functional level. It has been increasingly applied in studying human digestive and metabolic diseases, and provides information-rich data to identify the dysbiosis of human gut mic...
journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.acc.2019.12.002
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
