Abstract:
:In 2016, the third version of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has been published by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS). These guidelines reflect the progress in treatment of NETs, and by comparing the newest guidelines with the first guidelines of 2001, this progress can be clearly recognized. Diagnostic accuracy has been increased by the introduction of PET-CT with Ga-labelled somatostatin analogs, and multiple new treatments and treatment schedules have been developed, like peptide receptor radiotherapy with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs, or targeted therapies. Evidence and indications for these therapies are discussed in the ENETS guidelines. In this review, we aim to show the progress in NET diagnosis and treatment on the basis of the advances in the guidelines, but also to discuss the unsolved questions and unmet needs which still remain.
journal_name
Neuroendocrinologyjournal_title
Neuroendocrinologyauthors
Zandee WT,de Herder WWdoi
10.1159/000486096subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-01-01 00:00:00pages
357-365issue
4eissn
0028-3835issn
1423-0194pii
000486096journal_volume
106pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:The outcomes of bariatric surgery are very irregular and mostly unpredictable. The search for variables of predictive value is encouraged to help preventing therapeutic failures. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to confirm the hypothesis that preexisting eating behaviors could predict neuroendocrine and metabolic outcome...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000500687
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Characteristic increases in neuronal activity coincident with the pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland have been recorded from electrodes chronically implanted in the medial basal hypothalamus of the rhesus monkey. This electrophysiologic manifestation of the hypothalamic 'pulse generator'...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000123988
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of stress- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin-induced release of ACTH, beta-endorphin (beta-END) and prolactin (PRL) was investigated in two groups of conscious male rats: (1) Rats pretreated with different H3 receptor agonists, which inhibit neuronal histamine (HA) synthesis and release, and (2) rats wi...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000054402
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overt Cushing's syndrome is a rare disorder with an annual incidence of 2-3/million of which benign adrenal adenomas account for 0.6/million. The female:male ratio is 3:1. Preliminary data indicate a high proportion of subclinical Cushing's syndrome in certain risk populations such as patients with type 2 diabetes or ...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000314297
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from the median eminence is critical for the appropriate function of the pituitary gonadotropes and for the generation of a preovulatory gonadotropin surge. The mechanisms by which many GnRH axon terminals are synchronized to release GnRH in a coordinated fashion...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000054304
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have suggested that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hypothalamus plays a tonic inhibitory role in the control of the luteinizing hormone (LH) release in intact male rats. To assess whether feedback from the testis alters the inhibitory GABAergic tone in the medial preoptic area (MPO) of male rats, an in vivo ...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000066625
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The differential role of porcine follicular fluid (pFF) in regulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) release in vivo in situations of different gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) backgrounds was studied. In experiment 1, 2-week ovariectomized rats injected intravenously with 4, 16 o...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000123891
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The feedback effect of systemically administered dexamethasone on basal plasma corticosterone levels and on adrenocortical responses to ether plus skin incision stress were studied in intact rats and in animals with bilateral dorsal or ventral hippocampectomy or fimbria section. It was found that in rats with ventral ...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000122974
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reliable prediction of disease status is a major challenge in managing gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET). The aim of the study was to validate the NETest®, a blood molecular genomic analysis, for predicting the course of disease in individual patients compared to Chromogranin A (CgA). NETest® (nor...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000509091
更新日期:2020-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously reported that the somatotropin regulatory peptides, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRF) and somatostatin (SS) increase feeding when applied centrally in low picomole-range doses. The similarity between the dose-response characteristics and photoperiod sensitivities of these two peptide's feeding ...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126372
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Opioid peptides are present in both the posterior pituitary (PP) and stalk-median eminence (SME). Their effects on the dopaminergic neurons in the SME are well documented, but little is known concerning their role in the regulation of dopamine (DA) release from the PP. The objectives of this study were (1) t...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000125612
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used excitatory amino acids as tools to elucidate changes in hypothalamic function associated with lactation, focusing on the regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin secretion. In these studies, we have compared the responsiveness to NMA (N-methyl-D,L-aspartate), an agonist for the N-methyl-D-aspa...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126576
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::High affinity binding of 3H-flunitrazepam (FNZP) to crude membrane preparations of bovine pineal membranes was examined by a rapid filtration procedure through Whatman GFB paper. At 0 degrees C binding reached equilibrium in about 20 min. Scatchard analysis of data at equilibrium revealed a single population of bindin...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000123533
更新日期:1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allopregnanolone is a neuroactive steroid synthesized in rat gonads, adrenal cortex, and central nervous system. It has been suggested that sex steroid hormones might influence allopregnanolone concentrations but no clear data have ever been reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of admi...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000054583
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma TSH responses after an i.v. injection of 100 mg of L-dopa were evaluated by radioimmunoassay in 4 normal euthyroid subjects and in 8 patients with primary hypothyroidism. In agreement with previous results, no variations to plasma TSH levels were observed in the euthyroid subjects. In contrast, in primary hypo...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000122350
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The following fragments of LHRH were administered intraventricularly and tested for their ability to enhance sexual receptivity in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed female rats: LHRH1-6 NH2, Ac-LHRH5-10, des-Tyr5-LHRH and des-Gly10-LHRH. LHRH1-6 NH2 had no effect on sexual behavior compared to saline-infused controls. A...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000123503
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diuretic action of two new narcotic antagonists, oxilorphan and butorphanol, was studied in rats heterozygous for hereditary hypothalmic diabetes insipidus. Both drugs caused a prompt increase in urine volume and a decrease in urine osmolality with an associated decrease in urinary ADH excretion. The effects appea...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000122444
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Somatostatin (ST) inhibits gastrointestinal motility and exocrine and endocrine secretions. In animals, ST has been demonstrated to decrease food intake. We investigated, in a randomized double-blind investigation in 10 healthy humans, the effects of an intravenous ST infusion compared to saline on subjective hunger f...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1159/000126831
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexual behavior and elevation of gonadal steroids were induced in both male and female New Zealand white rabbits following injection of synthetic beta (1-24) ACTH into the lateral cerebral ventricle. In blood assays collected by cardiac puncture, testosterone, progesterone and corticosterone were all increased above b...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000122441
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of electrical activity and intracellular Ca(2+) levels were performed in perforated-patch clamped GH(3) cells to determine the contribution of large-conductance calcium-activated K(+) (BK) channels to action potential repolarization and size of the associated Ca(2+) oscillations. By examining the dependen...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000069509
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) colocalizes within gonadotropin-releasing-hormone (GnRH)-containing neurons in adult hypothalamus and could play a role in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary axis in adults. To support the possibility that DSIP also participates in fetal neuroendocrine events and to demonstrat...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126098
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bromocriptine or other dopamine agonists are usually effective for the treatment of prolactin-secreting adenomas. Five to 18% of prolactinomas, however, do not respond to such therapy. We have shown previously that such resistance to bromocriptine correlates with reduced binding to the D2 receptor subtype of dopamine,...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126764
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three control point enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) were measured by quantitative histochemical methods in individual hypothalamic nuclei of adult neonatally androgenized female rats. HK activity was significantly increased in anterior hypotha...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000122715
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the neural lobe of the pituitary gland for the presence of receptors for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and their possible involvement in the regulation of neurosecretion. The presence of PACAP receptors of type I was revealed in the neural lobe, as well as in anterior a...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000127113
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many aspects of reproductive neuroendocrine function and sexual behavior are responsive to both androgens and estrogens, suggesting that receptors for these steroid hormones may reside within single cells in brain regions that control reproductive function. We determined the distribution of estrogen receptor-containin...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000127039
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with active acromegaly are frequently insulin resistant, glucose intolerant, and at risk for developing overt type 2 diabetes. At the same time, these patients have a relatively lean phenotype associated with mobilization and oxidation of free fatty acids. These features are reversed by curative surgical remo...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000430819
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study provides evidence of a novel neuronal pathway for the control of GnRH secretion involving bradykinin neurons. Bradykinin neurons were shown by immunohistochemistry to be densely localized in several regions of the brain including the cortex, hippocampus and supraoptic nucleus, as well as two regions ...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000054316
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on GnRH release from the adult male rat mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and median eminence (ME) were studied in an in vitro incubation system. CRF induced a dose-related inhibition of GnRH release from both the MBH and the isolated ME, and this inhibition was blocked ...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000124578
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of endogenous opioid peptides in the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator activity was examined in long-term ovariectomized goats by recording the hypothalamic multiple-unit activity specifically associated with pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion (MUA volleys). Administration of nalo...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126418
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physiological brain aging is characterized by important biochemical and structural changes and by the unbalance among the different neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. The study of the circadian organization of neuroendocrine functions may be considered a clinically reliable tool to investigate the changes of the C...
journal_title:Neuroendocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000126869
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00