Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Paraquat and diquat are among the most commonly used herbicides in the world. OBJECTIVES:Determine the magnitude, characteristics, and root causes for acute paraquat- and diquat-related illnesses in the US METHODS: Illnesses associated with paraquat or diquat exposure occurring from 1998 through 2011 were identified from the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR)-Pesticides Program, the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) Pesticide Illness Surveillance Program (PISP), and the Incident Data System (IDS). Cases identified by the National Poison Data System (NPDS) were reviewed for the years 1998-2003 and 2006-2013. RESULTS:A total of 300 paraquat- and 144 diquat-related acute illnesses were identified by SENSOR, PISP, and IDS. NPDS identified 693 paraquat- and 2128 diquat-related acute illnesses. In SENSOR/PISP/IDS, illnesses were commonly low severity (paraquat=41%; diquat=81%); however, SENSOR/PISP/IDS identified 24 deaths caused by paraquat and 5 deaths associated with diquat. Nineteen paraquat-related deaths were due to ingestion, seven of which were unintentional, often due to improper storage in beverage bottles. In SENSOR/PISP/IDS, paraquat and diquat-related acute illnesses were work-related in 68% (n=203) and 29% (n=42) of cases, respectively. When herbicide application site was known, the vast majority of acute paraquat-related illnesses (81%) arose from agricultural applications. Common root causes of illness were failure to use adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), application equipment failure, and spill/splash of herbicide. CONCLUSIONS:Although the magnitude of acute paraquat/diquat-related illnesses was relatively low, several fatalities were identified. Many illnesses could be prevented through stricter compliance with label requirements (e.g. ensuring proper herbicide storage and PPE use), and through enhanced training of certified applicators.
journal_name
Environ Resjournal_title
Environmental researchauthors
Fortenberry GZ,Beckman J,Schwartz A,Prado JB,Graham LS,Higgins S,Lackovic M,Mulay P,Bojes H,Waltz J,Mitchell Y,Leinenkugel K,Oriel MS,Evans E,Calvert GMdoi
10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-04-01 00:00:00pages
191-9eissn
0013-9351issn
1096-0953pii
S0013-9351(16)30003-2journal_volume
146pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This paper reports the effects of exposure to static, sinusoidal (50 Hz), and combined static/sinusoidal magnetic fields on cultured astroglial cells. Confluent primary cultures of astroglial cells were exposed to a 1-mT sinusoidal, static, or combined magnetic field for 1h. In another experiment, cells were exposed t...
journal_title:Environmental research
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/enrs.1994.1070
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109608
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00