Heroin craving and its correlations with clinical outcome indicators in people with heroin dependence receiving methadone maintenance treatment.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Craving for substance use has been added as one of the diagnostic criteria of substance use disorders in DSM-5. However, further research is necessary to examine and expand the clinical potential of craving in the assessment and treatment for heroin users. This study aimed to examine the psychometrics of the Desire for Drug Questionnaire-Chinese Mandarin version (DDQ-CM) and its clinical utility of assessing craving for heroin measured among heroin users with methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). METHOD:Self-reported craving for heroin use was measured on the DDQ-CM and visual analog scale among 314 intravenous heroin users receiving MMT. Self-reported heroin dependence, attitude toward heroin use, readiness to change heroin use, and depression were collected. RESULTS:The results found that although the original three-factor model was acceptable for applying the DDQ-CM for heroin users with MMT, only the concurrent validity of the subscales of Desire and Intention and Negative Reinforcement was supported but not that of Control. Meanwhile, the levels of craving on the subscales of Desire and Intention and of Negative Reinforcement on the DDQ-CM were positively associated with the levels of heroin dependence, positive and negative attitudes toward heroin use, and depression, but negatively associated with readiness to change heroin use. CONCLUSIONS:This study supported the application of the subscales of Desire and Intention and Negative Reinforcement on the DDQ-CM to measure heroin craving in Taiwanese-Chinese heroin users and supported the clinical implication of craving in heroin users with MMT.

journal_name

Compr Psychiatry

journal_title

Comprehensive psychiatry

authors

Yen CF,Lin HC,Wang PW,Ko CH,Lee KH,Hsu CY,Chung KS,Wu HC,Cheng CP

doi

10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.10.001

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-02-01 00:00:00

pages

50-6

eissn

0010-440X

issn

1532-8384

pii

S0010-440X(15)00174-1

journal_volume

65

pub_type

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