Abstract:
:The efficacy of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) versus placebo for treating narcolepsy was evaluated in 20 patients with narcolepsy, 10 men and 10 women, using a double-blind counterbalanced crossover design. Each patient completed a daily sleep-wake log and questionnaire during a 14-day baseline, a 29-day placebo period, a 29-day GHB period (50 mg GHB/kg/night given 25 mg/kg h.s. and 25 mg/kg 3 hr later), and a 6-day washout period after each treatment. Cataplexy frequency was significantly lower during GHB treatment than during placebo treatment (p = 0.022). Compared to baseline values, the number of cataplexy attacks per day declined by 52% and 69% during GHB treatment weeks 1 and 4, respectively. The number of subjective arousals from sleep was less with GHB than with placebo (p = 0.035), and the number of sleep attacks was not significantly different during GHB versus placebo treatment. GHB did not have a significant effect on subjective estimates of sleep onset latency, total sleep time, Stanford Sleepiness Scale ratings at morning wake-up, methylphenidate usage, or the number of naps per day. The results indicate that GHB is efficacious for reducing the frequency of cataplexy attacks and subjective nocturnal arousals in patients with narcolepsy within the first 4 weeks of treatment.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Scrima L,Hartman PG,Johnson FH Jr,Hiller FCdoi
10.1016/0006-3223(89)90048-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-08-01 00:00:00pages
331-43issue
4eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
0006-3223(89)90048-6journal_volume
26pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:To assess the amygdala response to emotional faces in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS:Ten subjects with current OCD and 10 healthy control subjects underwent fMRI, during which they viewed pictures of fearful, happy, and neutral human faces, as...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.029
更新日期:2004-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies indicate differences between schizophrenics and normals in thickness and overall size of the corpus callosum, particularly in female subjects. The present study compares the area of the corpus callosum as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in men and women experiencing first-episode cases of...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)91237-8
更新日期:1994-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The etiology of dementia that occurs in patients with schizophrenia is not well understood. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been implicated in cognitive function, and deficits in these receptors have been reported in schizophrenia. METHODS:The present study investigates possible associations of nicot...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00348-2
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autonomic characteristics of nonclinical panic and blood phobia were compared using spectral analysis of the electrocardiogram (EKG), as well as more conventional cardiovascular measures. The cardiovascular responses of 11 subjects who reported recent occurrence of frequent severe panic attacks, and 10 subjects who re...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90087-t
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzodiazepines, the most widely prescribed psychotropic drugs, are often used in patients with depressive disorders, either alone or in combination with standard antidepressants. This review evaluates the efficacy of benzodiazepines (alprazolam, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide) as established in acute-phase, randomized co...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00049-7
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We examined two previously published studies comparing a norepinephrine (NE) selective agent, reboxetine, and a serotonin (5-HT) selective agent, fluoxetine, to determine if these agents have different effects on individual depressive symptoms. METHODS:Both studies were 8-week, double-blind, comparison stud...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.030
更新日期:2005-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical reports suggest that rather than directly driving cocaine use, stress may create a biological context within which other triggers for drug use become more potent. We hypothesize that stress-induced increases in corticosterone "set the stage" for relapse by promoting endocannabinoid-induced attenuati...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.024
更新日期:2018-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent research suggests that immune dysregulation in pregnancy could be a risk factor for anxiety and depression symptoms in offspring. Whereas animal studies have demonstrated the importance of the link between perinatal cytokines and abnormal behaviors in offspring, human epidemiological studies in this a...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.10.009
更新日期:2020-10-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This represents the first graph theory-based brain network analysis study in bipolar disorder, a chronic and disabling psychiatric disorder characterized by severe mood swings. Many imaging studies have investigated white matter in bipolar disorder, with results suggesting abnormal white matter structural in...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.09.014
更新日期:2013-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Metyrapone blocks cortisol synthesis which results in removal of negative feedback, a stimulation of hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and a reduction in delta sleep. We previously reported a diminished delta sleep and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to metyrapone in men with po...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.018
更新日期:2007-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prior neurophysiological studies on patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) have revealed sleep electroencephalographic alterations in both cycle phases. We report on a study evaluating saccadic eye movements in PMS patients. METHODS:Saccadic eye movements were examined in 21 women with and 21 women witho...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00012-2
更新日期:1998-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Selective localization of dopamine D(4) receptors in the prefrontal cortex and preferential affinity of clozapine for the dopamine D(4) receptor over the D(2) receptor led to the hypothesis that the superior efficacy of clozapine may be mediated via blockade of the D(4) receptor. This hypothesis was tested b...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of basal cortisol release in PTSD and major depression using a chronobiological analysis. Plasma for cortisol determination was obtained from 15 combat veterans with PTSD, 14 subjects with major depression, and 15 normal men every 30 min during a 24-hour period ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00451-3
更新日期:1996-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sixty-five cocaine-dependent subjects were enrolled into a 10-week randomized, double-blind study to determine the safety and efficacy of the serotonin-2 receptor antagonist, ritanserin (10 mg/day), in reducing cocaine consumption and craving. All subjects also participated in a structured intensive outpatient psychos...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00490-8
更新日期:1997-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Depersonalization and other behavioral and physiological indices were monitored before and after the administration of high- and low-potency marijuana cigarettes and a placebo cigarette in 35 physically and mentally healthy normal volunteers. The cigarettes were administered under double-blind conditions during three ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90171-9
更新日期:1993-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:How clozapine exerts superior antipsychotic efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia is not known. Moderate (rather than "full") occupancy of D2 postsynaptic receptors may be crucial, perhaps by achieving a more effective D1/D2 or serotonin-2a/D2 ratio. The objective of this study was to test the modera...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00226-1
更新日期:1998-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The study of Turner syndrome (TS) offers a unique window of opportunity for advancing scientific knowledge of how X chromosome gene imprinting, epigenetic factors, hormonal milieu, and chronologic age affect brain development in females. METHODS:We described brain growth trajectories in 55 girls with TS and...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.032
更新日期:2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). With single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we reported reductions in anterior cingulate glutamatergic concentrations (grouped value of glutamate and glutamine) in 14 pediatric MDD patients ver...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.007
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Genetic studies of schizophrenia have implicated numerous risk loci including several copy number variants (CNVs) of large effect and hundreds of loci of small effect. In only a few cases has a specific gene been clearly identified. Rare CNVs affecting a single gene offer a potential avenue to discovering sc...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.023
更新日期:2020-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The involvement of serotonin in depression and suicide has been proposed, because major depression is successfully treated by medications that specifically block the serotonin transporter, and there is evidence for a decrease in serotonin transporters in major depression and suicide. The midbrain dorsal raph...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00313-3
更新日期:2000-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ventral tegmental area (VTA) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) contributes to time-dependent increases in cue-induced cocaine seeking after withdrawal (incubation of cocaine craving). Here, we studied the role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in incubation of cocaine craving becau...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.009
更新日期:2009-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chromatin remodeling, including changes in histone acetylation, might play a role in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. We investigated whether the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate (SB) administered as single drug or in combination with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (S...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.036
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The goal of this study was to identify chromosomal regions likely to contain susceptibility loci for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS:We conducted a genome-wide linkage scan, with average marker spacing less than 10 centimorgans (cM), in 121 subjects from 26 families ascertained through probands...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.008
更新日期:2007-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cannabis remains the most widely used illicit substance by adolescents and is typically consumed by this population in the context of ongoing tobacco use. Human studies have shown that both cannabis and tobacco exert effects on cognitive function; however, little is known about possible interacting effects o...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.014
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elderly depressed patients who met the research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for major depressive illness, resistant to other types of treatment, were treated with phenelzine, a nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, for a period of 2 to 7 weeks, following 2 weeks of placebo washout period. Dosage ranged from 15...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Current pathophysiologic models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest that impaired functional connectivity within brain attention networks may contribute to the disorder. In this electroencephalographic (EEG) study, we analyzed cross-frequency amplitude correlations to investigate diffe...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.11.022
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was undertaken to investigate if acute anxiety can affect plasma concentrations of homovanillic acid (pHVA). Since elevated pHVA levels have been associated with severity of schizophrenic symptoms, the results of this study will help determine if the pHVA elevations are directly related to psychosis ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00390-8
更新日期:1996-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Head growth rates are often accelerated in autism. This study is aimed at defining the clinical, morphological, and biochemical correlates of head circumference in autistic patients. METHODS:Fronto-occipital head circumference was measured in 241 nonsyndromic autistic patients, 3 to 16 years old, diagnosed ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.039
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both genetic and environmental factors have been associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia. These factors are not mutually exclusive; a single gene can be a genetic factor (due to a mutation in the gene sequence) and a target of a physiological response to an environmental stimulus, both with the common endp...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.028
更新日期:2006-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) and its alpha-secreted form (alpha-sAPP) were investigated as a means to distinguish between individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer-type dementia (DAT) and those with major depressive episode (MDE) showing se...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.09.007
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00