Abstract：
:Radiofrequency-electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure of human populations is increasing due to the widespread use of mobile phones and other telecommunication and broadcasting technologies. There are ongoing concerns about potential short- and long-term public health consequences from RF-EMF exposures. To elucidate the RF-EMF exposure-effect relationships, an objective evaluation of the exposures with robust assessment tools is necessary. This review discusses and compares currently available RF-EMF exposure assessment instruments, which can be used in human epidemiological studies. Quantitative assessment instruments are either mobile phone-based (apps/software-modified and hardware-modified) or exposimeters. Each of these tool has its usefulness and limitations. Our review suggests that assessment of RF-EMF exposures can be improved by using these tools compared to the proxy measures of exposure (e.g. questionnaires and billing records). This in turn, could be used to help increase knowledge about RF-EMF exposure induced health effects in human populations.
journal_name
Australas Phys Eng Sci Medjournal_title
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicineauthors
Bhatt CR,Redmayne M,Abramson MJ,Benke Gdoi
10.1007/s13246-015-0412-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
29-42issue
1eissn
0158-9938issn
1879-5447pii
10.1007/s13246-015-0412-zjournal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A simple and rapid technique to measure the proton beam energy in the external beam line of a medical cyclotron has been examined. A stack of 0.1 mm thick high purity copper (Cu) foils was bombarded and the relative activity of 65Zn produced in each foil was compared to a computational model that predicted activity, b...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03178634
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most of the human head models used in dipole localisation research, which have been reported in the literature to date, assume a simplified cranial structure wherein the head is modelled as a set of distinct homogenous tissue compartments. The inherent inhomogeneity of the tissues has so far been ignored in these mode...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03178283
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes a software tool developed for research into the use of an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) to verify dose for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) beams. A portal dose image prediction (PDIP) model that predicts the EPID response to IMRT beams has been implemented into a commerciall...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03179347
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:AFOMP recognizes that clinical medical physicists should demonstrate that they are competent to practice their profession by obtaining appropriate education, training and supervised experience in the specialties of medical physics in which they practice, as well as having a basic knowledge of other specialties. To hel...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s13246-011-0091-3
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of mobile phone electromagnetic field emissions on the human electroencephalograph (EEG). EEG recordings from ten awake subjects were taken during exposure to radiofrequency (RF) emissions from a mobile phone positioned behind the head. Two experimental...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF03179176
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats are often used in the electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure experiments. In the study for the effect of 900 MHz EMF exposure on learning and memory in SD rats, the specific absorption rate (SAR) and the temperature rise in the rat head are numerically evaluated. The digital anatomical model of a SD rat is reconstr...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-013-0202-4
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Orthovoltage x-ray beams exhibit the characteristic of depth dose buildup which is not well described in the literature. The principal reason for this phenomenon is the increase in dose deposited due to electrons set in motion by secondary (Compton) scattered photons within the phantom, as depth is increased until lon...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to measure skin dose using radiochromic film for two step-and-shoot IMRT fields and compare the results to the skin dose for a conventional open field. All exposures were made using a 6 MV photon beam produced by a Varian 21EX linear accelerator (Varian Medical Systems, CA, USA) equipped ...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03178577
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A general purpose, multi-channel digital data acquisition and analysis system (Amlab, Associative Measurements, Sydney) configured to collect and process physiological signals including electroencephalograph and blood pressure is described. Its advantages over analog and single-purpose instrumentation are discussed as...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lymphocyte recirculation between lymphatic and blood vessels and migration through tissues are essential mechanisms underlying immunological surveillance. However, the kinetics of lymphocyte migration through lymphoid tissues remains poorly understood. The present study of lymphocyte migration, based on a sheep model ...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03178774
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TomoTherapy can provide highly accurate SABR deliveries, but currently it does not have any effective motion management techniques. Shallow breathing has been identified as one possible motion management solution on TomoTherapy, which has been made possible with the BreatheWell audiovisual biofeedback (AVB) device. Si...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-019-00727-8
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conventional laser accelerated proton beam has broad energy spectra. It is not suitable for clinical use directly, so it is necessary for employing energy selection system. However, in the conventional laser accelerated proton system, the intensity of the proton beams in the low energy regime is higher than that in th...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-014-0292-7
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reference air kerma rate from 192Ir High Dose Rate (HDR) brachytherapy sources can be measured using a suitably calibrated Farmer chamber and an appropriate in-air calibration jig. When a primary standard for 192Ir gamma rays is available, a calibration coefficient for the chamber and jig combination can be determ...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03178603
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Linear scaling is used to convert raw computed tomography (CT) pixel values into Hounsfield units corresponding to different tissue values. Analysis of a benchmarking study, presented here, where the same CT scan was imported into and then exported from multiple radiotherapy treatment planning systems, found inconsist...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-018-0651-x
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Improved technology and higher fidelity are making medical simulations increasingly popular. A simulated peripheral nerve stimulator and thumb actuator has been developed for use with the SimMan Universal Patient Simulator. This device incorporates a handheld control box, a McKibben pneumatic muscle and articulated th...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gravity associated with postural changes has a strong bearing on haemodynamics of blood flow in arteries. Its effect on stenosed cases has not been widely investigated. In the present study, variation observed in blood flow during postural changes is investigated for different conditions like standing, sleeping and he...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-014-0246-0
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this paper is to describe an outline of a proton therapy system in Nagoya Proton Therapy Center (NPTC). The NPTC has a synchrotron with a linac injector and three treatment rooms: two rooms are equipped with a gantry and the other one is equipped with a fixed horizontal beamline. One gantry treatment ro...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-016-0456-8
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The measurement of absorbed dose to water in a solid-phantom may require a conversion factor because it may not be radiologically equivalent to water. One phantom developed for the use of dosimetry is a solid water, RW3 white-polystyrene material by IBA. This has a lower mass-energy absorption coefficient than water d...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-011-0102-4
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A group of 113 children with poor vision who had been referred to the Electrodiagnostic Clinic over a five year period were investigated for disease of the retina and optic pathway by electroretinography (ERG), electro-oculography (EOG) and visual evoked response (VER). The electrodiagnostic measurements were made usi...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03178360
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electron beams can be used for the radiotherapy treatment of superficial cancers. In many cases of electron beam radiotherapy, tissue equivalent bolus material placed on the skin is to be used to enhance skin dose. An air gap might be present between the bolus and the skin due to variation in the patient contour. The ...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03178415
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Surface, build-up and depth dose characteristics of a monoenergetic electron point source simulated by Monte Carlo code MCNP4c for varying field size and SSD are extensively studied in this paper. MCNP4c (Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code System) has been extensively used in clinical dose simulation for its versat...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF03178652
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arrhythmia is slow, fast or irregular heartbeat. Manual ECG assessment and disease classification is an error-prone task because of vast differences in ECG morphology and difficulty in accurate identifying ECG components. Moreover, proposing a computer-aided diagnosis system for heartbeat classification can be useful ...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-019-00814-w
更新日期：2019-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:A solid water breast phantom with a lung equivalent material was constructed to investigate interface effects of 6 MV tangential photon fields. The phantom was built so that Thermo-luminescence Dosimeters (TLD) could be used for comparison to a pencil beam and Equivalent Tissue-Air-Ratio (ETAR) algorithms. The investi...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Postural balance requires using joint strategies which may be changed from normal conditions by interfering with the sensory information. The goal of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate the role of the joint mechanisms during perturbed stance. Visual and cognitive interference was imposed to sixteen healt...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-017-0606-7
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Segmentation of different tissues is one of the initial and most critical tasks in different aspects of medical image processing. Manual segmentation of brain images resulted from magnetic resonance imaging is time consuming, so automatic image segmentation is widely used in this area. Ensemble based algorithms are ve...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-015-0352-7
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic resonance imaging has become a key modality within the modern radiology department. In addition to the conventional slice images, three dimensional angiographic images, and quantitative flow measurements can be obtained. More recently methods have been developed which enable one to visualize the motion of obj...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiochromic film is a self developing two-dimensional dosimeter system that is widely used in radiotherapy. Since its development some 40 years ago many improvements have been made; however the sensitivity can vary across the film and a non-linear dose response remains. The former can be addressed using a double expo...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-011-0067-3
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerical simulation is performed to demonstrate that hemodynamic factors are significant determinants for the development of a vascular pathology. Experimental measurements by particle image velocimetry are carried out to validate the credibility of the computational approach. We present a study for determining compl...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-010-0050-4
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Given that there is increasing recognition of the effect that sub-millimetre changes in collimator position can have on radiotherapy beam dosimetry, this study aimed to evaluate the potential variability in small field collimation that may exist between otherwise matched linacs. Field sizes and field output factors we...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-015-0349-2
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was aimed to improve the surgical accuracy of plating and screwing for complicated tibial plateau fracture assisted by 3D implants library and 3D-printed navigational template. Clinical cases were performed whereby complicated tibial plateau fractures were imaged using computed tomography and reconstructed ...
journal_title：Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s13246-015-0330-0
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
