Magnetite biomineralization and geomagnetic sensitivity in higher animals: an update and recommendations for future study.

Abstract:

:Magnetite, the only known biogenic material with ferromagnetic properties, has been identified as a biochemical precipitate in three of the five kingdoms of living organisms, with a fossil record that now extends back nearly 2 billion years. In the magnetotactic bacteria, protoctists, and fish, single-domain crystals of magnetite are arranged in membrane-bound linear structures called magnetosomes, which function as biological bar magnets. Magnetosomes in all three of these groups bear an overall structural similarity to each other, which includes alignment of the individual crystallographic [111] directions parallel to the long axis. Although the magnetosomes represent only a small volume fraction in higher organisms, enough of these highly energetic structures are present to provide sensitivity to extremely small fluctuations and gradients in the background geomagnetic field. Previous experiments with elasmobranch fish are reexamined to test the hypothesis that gradients played a role in their successful geomagnetic conditioning, and a variety of four-turn coil designs are considered that could be used to test the various hypotheses proposed for them.

journal_name

Bioelectromagnetics

journal_title

Bioelectromagnetics

authors

Kirschvink JL

doi

10.1002/bem.2250100304

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1989-01-01 00:00:00

pages

239-59

issue

3

eissn

0197-8462

issn

1521-186X

journal_volume

10

pub_type

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