Abstract:
:Magnetite, the only known biogenic material with ferromagnetic properties, has been identified as a biochemical precipitate in three of the five kingdoms of living organisms, with a fossil record that now extends back nearly 2 billion years. In the magnetotactic bacteria, protoctists, and fish, single-domain crystals of magnetite are arranged in membrane-bound linear structures called magnetosomes, which function as biological bar magnets. Magnetosomes in all three of these groups bear an overall structural similarity to each other, which includes alignment of the individual crystallographic [111] directions parallel to the long axis. Although the magnetosomes represent only a small volume fraction in higher organisms, enough of these highly energetic structures are present to provide sensitivity to extremely small fluctuations and gradients in the background geomagnetic field. Previous experiments with elasmobranch fish are reexamined to test the hypothesis that gradients played a role in their successful geomagnetic conditioning, and a variety of four-turn coil designs are considered that could be used to test the various hypotheses proposed for them.
journal_name
Bioelectromagneticsjournal_title
Bioelectromagneticsauthors
Kirschvink JLdoi
10.1002/bem.2250100304subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-01-01 00:00:00pages
239-59issue
3eissn
0197-8462issn
1521-186Xjournal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::An elementary model consisting of one charged particle in a viscous medium exposed to weak ac-dc low-frequency magnetic fields is analyzed to identify and explain the fundamental characteristics of the physical mechanisms that result in a resonance response, which is similar to the familiar cyclotron resonance. The mo...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.2250090402
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of an extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field on the sex hormones and other fertility parameters of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. Adult male rats were exposed to a 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field at approximately 25 microT (rms) for 18 consecutive weeks. There were no significant e...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.20186
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were tested for neurobehavioral alterations immediately after exposure to 2.45-GHz (CW) microwave radiation at 10 mW/cm2 for 7 h. Behavioral tests used were locomotor activity, startle to an acoustic stimulus and acquisition and retention of a shock-motivated passive avoidance task. Both horizontal and vertical c...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.2250090307
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of tissue compression and external thermal modulation on passive detection of breast tumors using medical microwave radiometry was investigated using multi-physics numerical modeling. A three-dimensional numerical model of the pendant breast with 10 and 6 mm diameter tumors at varying depths (15 mm, 30 m...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.22184
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we measured and analyzed the spectral characteristics of a low-frequency magnetic field (MF) inside several gasoline-powered cars while driving on busy city roads. The spectra obtained upon measurements in the interior of the cars are compared with those measured in office locations at different times o...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.22269
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating evidence does not yet confirm the effect of power line frequency magnetic field (MF) on human health and fertility. We recently reported that, at continuous 60 Hz MF exposure in mice, the dose given as magnetic flux density (tesla; T) and duration of exposure was related to induce testicular germ cell apo...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.22146
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new method for finding the dielectric parameters of biological substances is presented. The method makes use of the loss-tangent as a function of frequency to identify the dominating relaxation process. The method was tested for a few cell suspensions (blood and lymphocytes) and two tissues (liver and spleen). The o...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.2250070303
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell-based or magnetic field therapies as alternative approaches to pain management have been tested in several experimental pain models. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate the actions of the cell-based therapy (adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells; ADMSC) or pulsed magnetic field (PMF) therap...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.22038
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The stimulatory effects on germination of seeds and growth of plants of static magnetic field (MF) pre-treatments depending on MF intensity, exposure time periods, signal form, flux density, and source frequencies on plants are reported. Seed germination frequency is low due to dormancy in Lathyrus chrysanthus Boiss. ...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.22139
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In May 2011, the International Agency on Cancer in Research (IARC) issued an official statement concluding that cell phone usage was "possibly carcinogenic to humans." There have been considerable doubts that non-experts and experts alike fully understood what IARC's categorization actually meant, as "possibly carcino...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1002/bem.21851
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes some experimental measurements of the internal field levels induced within isolated chick-forebrains irradiated at 50, 147, and 450 MHz, under essentially the same conditions as those used in the in vitro calcium-ion efflux experiments. Ratios of incident power at 50/147 MHz and 147/450 MHz that ...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.2250050302
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study analyzes if an external magnetic stimulus (2 kHz and approximately 0.1 μT applied near frontal cortex) influences working memory, perception, binary decision, motor execution, and sustained attention in humans. A magnetic stimulus and a sham stimulus were applied to both sides of the head (frontal cortex cl...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.21944
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The widespread use of mobile phones and Wi-Fi-based communication devices makes exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) unavoidable. Previous experiments have revealed the tumor-promoting effects of non-ionizing RF-EMF in adult carcinogen-treated mice in utero. To extend these investigations, we tes...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.22301
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was a meta-analysis to examine whether electrical stimulation has specific effects in the healing of musculoskeletal repair process and in the diminution of symptoms with bone and joint disorders. Using MEDLINE (1966-1999) and EMBASE (1985-1999) a search for articles was carried out with four medical subjec...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/bem.106
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined whether 60 Hz magnetic field (MF) exposure alters intracellular calcium levels ([Ca(2+)](i)) in isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, a classic model of neural responses. [Ca(2+)](i) was monitored by fluorescence video imaging of cells loaded with the calcium indicator fluo-4 during exposures t...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.10045
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigates the effects of a weak (+/-200 microT(pk)), pulsed, extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) upon the human electroencephalogram (EEG). We have previously determined that exposure to pulsed ELF MFs can affect the EEG, notably the alpha frequency (8-13 Hz) over the occipital-parieta...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.20434
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article presents measurement methods used to determine the human exposure to electromagnetic fields radiated from operating base stations. In Korea, when evaluating the human exposure to electromagnetic fields from operating base stations, the measurement procedure is different between the following cases: in sit...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.20416
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The controversy over the possible association between magnetic field exposure and childhood leukemia has led several researchers to summarize the literature using meta-analysis. This paper reviews these previous meta-analyses and extends them by adding results from four studies published since the most recent analysis...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/1521-186x(2001)22:5+<::aid-bem1026>3.3.co;
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electric fields induced in a conductive body by the magnetic field of a current-carrying wire were analyzed theoretically and experimentally to assess the dosimetric importance of highly nonuniform, field-exposure conditions. Experimentation revealed that a 60-Hz magnetic field was inversely proportional to the radius...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.2250130305
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper investigates the influence of pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) on amplitude of evoked, compound action potential (CAP) recorded from the segments of sciatic nerve in vitro. PMFs were applied for 30 min at frequency of 0.16 Hz and intensity of 15 mT. In confirmation of our previous reports, PMF exposure enhance...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.21917
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine a current density threshold for exciting the motor cortex area of the brain. The current density threshold for excitation of nerve fibres (20 microm in diameter) found in the literature is approximately 1 A/m(2) at frequencies lower than 1 kHz. In consideration of a safety factor...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.10036
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::B lymphocytes collected from normal ICR Swiss mouse spleens were exposed in vitro in a Crawford cell to 147-MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation, amplitude modulated by a 9-, 16-, or 60-Hz sine wave. The power densities ranged between 0.11 and 48 mW/cm2. The irradiated samples and the controls were maintained at 37 degre...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.2250040206
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The temporal variation of a static electric field inside an animal cage was investigated with a newly developed small, simple field meter. The field inside the cage was found to be highly dependent on the surface conductivity of the dielectric material. As the surface of the cage became dirty because of animal occupan...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.2250020410
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To be able to correlate real time membrane potential or ion flux changes with further downstream gene transcription responses due to extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, we devised an experimental system consisting of a pair of symmetric circular coils. This system can be used on an inve...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.10151
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current through the residential grounding circuit is an important source for magnetic fields; field variations near the grounding circuit accurately track fluctuations in this ground current. In this paper, a model is presented which permits calculation of the range of these fluctuations. A discrete network model ...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.2250150109
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the difference between the risk perception of electromagnetic waves from cellular phones and the risk perception of other factors such as environment and food was analyzed. The cause of the difference in the psychological and social factors that affect the group with high risk perception of electromagne...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.21836
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effects on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) of exposure to a sinusoidal magnetic field of 2 mT (50 Hz). These cells are a good model for studying interaction of nonionising radiation, because they are not shielded from fields in vivo and also because they are resistant to both mechanical and thermal sti...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.10023
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic targeting is a promising therapeutic strategy for localizing systemically delivered magnetic responsive drugs or cells to target tissue, but excessive aggregation of magnetic particles could result in vascular embolization. To analyze the reason for embolization, the attractive process of magnetic particles i...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.21977
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements have been made of vector current densities induced by vertical, uniform, 60-Hz electric fields in the torsos of homogeneous models of swine and rats. The observed data were a strong function of the five grounding configurations invested: all four feet grounded, only front feet grounded, only rear feet gro...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bem.2250090102
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper traces the history of the development of the Radiofrequency Radiation Dosimetry Handbook and its subsequent impact on radio frequency radiation exposure standards. The author's recollections are used to illustrate the behind the scenes efforts of the individuals involved in this project. The development of ...
journal_title:Bioelectromagnetics
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-186x(1999)20:4+<9::aid-bem3>3.3
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00