Abstract：
:The regularities in very young infants' visual worlds likely have out-sized effects on the development of the visual system because they comprise the first-in experience that tunes, maintains, and specifies the neural substrate from low-level to higher-level representations and therefore constitute the starting point for all other visual learning. Recent evidence from studies using head cameras suggests that the frequency of faces available in early infant visual environments declines over the first year and a half of life. The primary question for the present paper concerns the temporal structure of face experiences: Is frequency the key exposure dimension distinguishing younger and older infants' face experiences, or is it the duration for which faces remain in view? Our corpus of head-camera images collected as infants went about their daily activities consisted of over a million individually coded frames sampled at 0.2 Hz from 232 h of infant-perspective scenes, recorded from 51 infants aged 1 month to 15 months. The major finding from this corpus is that very young infants (1-3 months) not only have more frequent face experiences but also more temporally persistent ones. The repetitions of the same very few face identities presenting up-close and frontal views are exaggerated in more persistent runs of the same face, and these persistent runs are more frequent for the youngest infants. The implications of early experiences consisting of extended repeated exposures of up-close frontal views for visual learning are discussed.
journal_name
Vision Resjournal_title
Vision researchauthors
Jayaraman S,Smith LBdoi
10.1016/j.visres.2018.05.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-04-01 00:00:00pages
213-221eissn
0042-6989issn
1878-5646pii
S0042-6989(18)30088-9journal_volume
157pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
VISION RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:The discovery of visual sensitivity to UV dates from 1882 and was made in an insect, the ant, but in the last 15 years evidence for photoreceptors maximally sensitive in the UV has been found for many vertebrates. Studies of behavioral responses of insects that possess more than one spectral class of photoreceptor hav...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(94)90150-3
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A generally accepted notion in binocular vision is that we see the world as if viewed by a single eye, the cyclopean eye. A consequence of seeing the world from a single point in space is that the outlines of occluding and occluded surfaces have the same shape. We designed stereograms in which subjects aligned binocul...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(95)00268-5
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Morrone et al. [Morrone, M. C., Denti, V., & Spinelli, D. (2002). Color and luminance contrasts attract independent attention. Current Biology, 12, 1134-1137] reported that the detrimental effect on contrast discrimination thresholds of performing a concomitant task is modality specific: performing a secondary luminan...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2006.09.002
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the relative sensory and perceptual contributions to central visual function of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), we tested symmetry discrimination using block patterns with varying types of symmetric organization. Eleven control subjects with normal vision and 11 patients with RP with 20/30 visu...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(94)00275-q
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dynamic random-dot stereograms (RDS) were used to study cortical neuronal mechanisms related to visual persistence in nine subjects. Electric brain potential components evoked by stereoscopic stimuli were compared to those evoked by conventional checkerboard stimuli with contrast borders. In a pattern-onset/offset pre...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(87)90125-8
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distributions of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors were studied in intact goldfish retina with in vitro autoradiography. Specific [3H]SCH 23390 binding (D1 receptors) was greatest over the outer plexiform layer (OPL)/horizontal cell bodies and less so over the inner nuclear and inner plexiform layers (IPL). Specific [3...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We measured two- and three-line spatial interval and alignment thresholds for a wide range of separations and eccentricities. In order to avoid confounding the role of separation and eccentricity, the test lines were presented on iso-eccentric arcs, with radii between 0.625 and 10 deg. The iso-eccentric paradigm allow...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(90)90068-v
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) and gray gulls (Larus modestus) are two species active both by day and night. We have investigated the retinal adaptations that allow the diurnal and nocturnal behaviours of these two species. Electroretinograms and histological analyses show that both species have a duplex retin...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2006.02.023
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the effects of colour upon motion detection, the short-range motion displacement limit (Dmax) was determined using two-frame kinematograms in which the two classes of square comprising the pattern differed both in luminance and in colour. In the second motion frame, the squares retained either the same ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(92)90024-d
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spectral sensitivity and the spatial selectivity was studied both psychophysically and electroretinographically using the pattern onset-offset paradigm. All measurements were made under intensive yellow adaptation. The spectral sensitivity functions of both measures were in close agreement. They showed a peak at 4...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(93)90084-a
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transient system deficit hypothesis (TSDH) of specific reading disability [Percept. Psychophys. 40 (1986) 440] remains contentious. As part of a study examining multiple measures of transient and sustained system function, heterochromatic flicker matching (HFM) and brightness matching (HBM) were assessed in 30 poo...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2003.09.002
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Shape representation is accomplished by a series of cortical stages in which cells in the first stage (V1) have local receptive fields tuned to contrast at a particular scale and orientation, each well modeled as a Gabor filter. In succeeding stages, the representation becomes largely invariant to Gabor coding (Kobata...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2011.12.012
更新日期：2012-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared the effectiveness of central and peripheral targets in a saccadic countermanding task. Stop-signal reaction times (SSRTs) do not differ significantly for central and peripheral stop signals. Further, when central and peripheral stop signals are presented together, SSRTs behave as expected of independent pr...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00107-9
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 2-month-old human infant is known to be less visually sensitive than the adult by a factor of 50, if sensitivity is measured by the threshold for detecting a test light in the dark. In the present experiment, visual sensitivity of infants and adults did not differ significantly when sensitivity was measured by the...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(86)90084-2
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We use a difficult shape identification task to analyze how humans extract 3D surface structure from dynamic 2D stimuli--the kinetic depth effect (KDE). Stimuli composed of luminous tokens moving on a less luminous background yield accurate 3D shape identification regardless of the particular token used (either dots, ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(91)90153-v
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A modified version of the 'path finder' display consisting of many small oriented Gabor patches was used to study the joint contributions of spatial and temporal structures to shape perception. A two-interval forced-choice procedure measured detectability of curved 'paths' defined by orientation ('good continuation') ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00086-4
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perceptual learning is often interpreted as learning of fine stimulus templates. However, we have proposed that perceptual learning is more than template learning, in that more abstract statistical rules may have been learned, so that learning can transfer to stimuli at different precisions. Here we provide new eviden...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2019.01.007
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Qualitative defects and resistances in 94 used gold foil electrodes were examined. The electrodes were divided into four groups of varying resistances and gold coating defects. Ten were randomly selected from each group to measure standard photopic electroretinograms (ERGs) in a normal subject. Ten new electrodes were...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(95)00046-3
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When our eyes are tracking a target that is moving in front of a structured background, global motion of equal speed is induced in the opposite direction. This effect has been termed reafference, which, astonishingly, does not significantly affect the execution of such pursuit eye movements. Employing brief and unexpe...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00050-5
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The optimal viewing position phenomenon discovered by (O'Regan, J. K., Lévy-Schoen, A., Pynte, J., Brugaillère, B. (1984). Convenient fixation location within isolated words of different length and structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and performance. 10 (2), 250-257) is characterized by a m...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00203-x
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A masking paradigm was employed to measure the spatial frequency selectivity of channels underlying human stereopsis. Observers viewed spatially filtered (0.4 octave bandwidth) random-dot stereograms in which a disparate bar appeared in either the top or bottom half of the display; superimposed on one RDS half-image w...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(91)90043-5
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adaptation to the simple visual displacement of prisms was compared to that for refractive lenses, which have a varied prismatic effect. Subjects were made myopic using contact lenses, then corrected using spectacle lenses. The effect on the perceived direction of a randomly located target was assessed from pointing b...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(96)00325-2
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two visually evoked brain responses were elicited simultaneously by stimulating the eye with two superimposed sinewave grating patterns that were temporally modulated at slightly different rates. The VEP to one grating was comparatively little affected by the presence of the other grating when the two spatial frequenc...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(83)90151-7
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between perceived visual direction and retinal location has been considered to be specified at birth and unmodifiable. We found that small changes occurred in the visual direction associated with a peripheral retinal location when the amplitudes of saccadic eye movements to a target imaged at that loca...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(88)90161-7
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The topography of visual evoked potentials (VEP) is dependent on occipital lobe morphology. Using magnetic resonance imaging we examine the sulcal pattern (the calcarine and parieto-occipital sulci), and assess the size of the cuneus and the asymmetry of the occipital lobes, computed separately for its ventral and dor...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(91)90019-2
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previously, we developed a stratified process for slant perception. First, optical transformations in structure-from-motion (SFM) and stereo were used to derive 3D relief structure (where depth scaling remains arbitrary). Second, with sufficient continuous perspective change (≥45°), a bootstrap process derived 3D simi...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2020.04.014
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Western blot analysis of 100,000 g supernatant of rat retina using a polyclonal anti-Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaM-kinase IV) antibody revealed an immunoreactive mass of 35 kDa, termed reticalmin. Lower amount of a isoform of CaM-kinase IV was also expressed in rat retina. Reticalmin did not react ...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00175-2
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a figure identification task, we investigated the influence of different visual cue configurations (spatial frequency, orientation or a combination of both) on the human EEG. Combining psychophysics with ERP and time-frequency analysis, we show that the neural response at about 200ms reflects perceptual saliency ra...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.visres.2009.12.013
更新日期：2010-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:In an attempt to uncover the properties of the psychophysical spatial mechanisms which optimally respond to the vernier offset between two abutting lines, we investigated the effects of one-dimensional band-limited spatial noise masks superimposed with the target, on vernier thresholds. Unidirectional vernier threshol...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0042-6989(93)90028-u
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neural mechanisms underlying the initiation of saccadic eye movements were studied by recording the activity of neurons in the superior colliculus of rhesus monkeys that had extensive experience on the gap task using targets restricted to one visual field. The superposition of visual activation upon the increased exci...
journal_title：Vision research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00133-4
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
