Abstract:
:Infections of fungi by mycoviruses are often symptomless but sometimes also fatal, as they perturb sporulation, growth, and, if applicable, virulence of the fungal host. Hypovirulence-inducing mycoviruses, therefore, represent a powerful means to defeat fungal epidemics on crop plants. Infection with Fusarium graminearum virus China 9 (FgV-ch9), a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) chrysovirus-like mycovirus, debilitates Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight. In search for potential symptom alleviation or aggravation factors in F. graminearum, we consecutively infected a custom-made F. graminearum mutant collection with FgV-ch9 and found a mutant with constantly elevated expression of a gene coding for a putative mRNA-binding protein that did not show any disease symptoms despite harboring large amounts of virus. Deletion of this gene, named virus response 1 (vr1), resulted in phenotypes identical to those observed in the virus-infected wild type with respect to growth, reproduction, and virulence. Similarly, the viral structural protein coded on segment 3 (P3) caused virus infection-like symptoms when expressed in the wild type but not in the vr1 overexpression mutant. Gene expression analysis revealed a drastic downregulation of vr1 in the presence of virus and in mutants expressing P3. We conclude that symptom development and severity correlate with gene expression levels of vr1 This was confirmed by comparative transcriptome analysis, showing a large transcriptional overlap between the virus-infected wild type, the vr1 deletion mutant, and the P3-expressing mutant. Hence, vr1 represents a fundamental host factor for the expression of virus-related symptoms and helps us understand the underlying mechanism of hypovirulence.IMPORTANCE Virus infections of phytopathogenic fungi occasionally impair growth, reproduction, and virulence, a phenomenon referred to as hypovirulence. Hypovirulence-inducing mycoviruses, therefore, represent a powerful means to defeat fungal epidemics on crop plants. However, the poor understanding of the molecular basis of hypovirulence induction limits their application. Using the devastating fungal pathogen on cereal crops, Fusarium graminearum, we identified an mRNA binding protein (named virus response 1, vr1) which is involved in symptom expression. Downregulation of vr1 in the virus-infected fungus and vr1 deletion evoke virus infection-like symptoms, while constitutive expression overrules the cytopathic effects of the virus infection. Intriguingly, the presence of a specific viral structural protein is sufficient to trigger the fungal response, i.e., vr1 downregulation, and symptom development similar to virus infection. The advancements in understanding fungal infection and response may aid biological pest control approaches using mycoviruses or viral proteins to prevent future Fusarium epidemics.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Bormann J,Heinze C,Blum C,Mentges M,Brockmann A,Alder A,Landt SK,Josephson B,Indenbirken D,Spohn M,Plitzko B,Loesgen S,Freitag M,Schäfer Wdoi
10.1128/JVI.00326-18subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-08-16 00:00:00issue
17eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.00326-18journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Growth of phage phi105 and its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was studied in radiation-sensitive mutants of Bacillus subtilis. The recA gene is required for optimal prophage induction with mitomycin C and for infectivity of prophage DNA. rec B gene is required for marker rescue from mature DNA. The importance of bacteria...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.8.6.919-921.1971
更新日期:1971-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three polyadenylated RNAs, 9, 7.3, and 3.5 kilobases long, of a human endogenous retrovirus, ERV3, are abundant in human placental chorion, representing about 0.03 to 0.05% of the total mRNA. We characterized the structure of these mRNAs by Northern blot and S1 nuclease mapping analyses. We found that all three RNAs w...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.61.7.2182-2191.1987
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nodavirus flock house virus (FHV) has a bipartite, positive-sense, RNA genome that encodes the catalytic subunit of the RNA replicase and the viral capsid protein precursor on separate genomic segments (RNA1 and RNA2, respectively). RNA1 can replicate autonomously when transfected into permissive cells, allowing s...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.10.7933-7942.1999
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The late 19S RNAs of simian virus 40 (SV40) are functionally polycistronic, i.e., all encode both VP2 and VP3. The VP3-coding sequences are situated in the same reading frame as the VP2-coding sequences, within the carboxy-terminal two-thirds of the VP2-coding sequences. To test whether VP3 is produced by proteolytic ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.3.954-961.1988
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ultrastructure of CV-1 cells infected with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) viruses was compared with that of CV-1 cells infected with the wild or Edmonston strain of measles virus. Both SSPE viruses and the measles viruses produced two types of nucleocapsid structures: smooth filaments, 15 to 17 nm in d...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.7.1.176-187.1971
更新日期:1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vaccinia virus A16L open reading frame encodes a 378-amino-acid protein with a predicted C-terminal transmembrane domain and 20 invariant cysteine residues that is conserved in all sequenced members of the poxvirus family. The A16 protein was expressed late in infection and incorporated into intracellular virus pa...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.80.1.51-61.2006
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To analyze the association of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (IN) protein with DNA substrates, we applied a shortwave UV cross-linking method to the in vitro integration system. Three photoadduct bands were detected on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The appearances of these photoadducts...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.9.5690-5697.1994
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::CCR5 serves as a requisite fusion coreceptor for clinically relevant strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and provides a promising target for antiviral therapy. However, no study to date has examined whether monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, or other nonchemokine agents possess broad-spectrum a...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.2.579-588.2001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have measured in 22 asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients (10 rapid progressors and 12 slow progressors) the proviral load of CD4(+) T cells homogeneously superinfected by the same dose of a non-syncytium-inducing virus in the presence or in the absence of autologous CD8(+) T cells. We ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.14.6648-6651.2000
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In patients with impaired cell-mediated immune responses (e.g., lung transplant recipients and AIDS patients), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection causes severe disease such as pneumonitis. However, although immunocompetency in the host can protect from CMV disease, the virus persists by evading the host immune defenses. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.7.5535-5544.1998
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::PCR amplification of baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) long terminal repeat, reverse transcriptase gene, and env fragments from 24 different species of African monkeys indicates that BaEV is less widespread than was formerly thought. Instead of being present in every species of African primates, BaEV can be found only in...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.12.7877-7887.1995
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inhibition of multilineage hematopoiesis which occurs in the severe combined immunodeficiency mouse with transplanted human fetal thymus and liver tissues (SCID-hu Thy/Liv) due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is also accompanied by a severe loss of c-Mpl expression on these progenitor cell...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.20.11385-11392.2004
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have tested triple and quadruple combinations of human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), which are directed against various epitopes on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins, and a high-titer anti-HIV-1 human immunoglobulin (HIVIG) preparation for their abilities to neutralize a chimeric si...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.4.3235-3240.1998
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of several simian immunodeficiency virus mac251 (SIV(mac251)) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes recognized by CD8(+) T cells of infected rhesus macaques carrying the Mamu-A*01 molecule and the use of peptide-major histocompatibility complex tetrameric complexes enable the study of the frequency, bread...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.23.11483-11495.2001
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::T7+ phage are unable to plate on a strain of Shigella sonnei D2 371-48. Spontaneous phage mutants arise (ss--mutants) that are able to plate on this strain of Shigella. We have shown by complementation studies and genetic crosses that the ss--mutation maps in gene 10, the structural gene for the major protein of the c...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.22.3.694-701.1977
更新日期:1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The full repertoire of hepatitis B virus (HBV) peptides that bind to the common HLA class I molecules found in areas with a high prevalence of chronic HBV infection has not been determined. This information may be useful for designing immunotherapies for chronic hepatitis B. We identified amino acid residues under pos...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01471-09
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral myocarditis is an important human disease, and reovirus-induced murine myocarditis provides an excellent model system for study. Cardiac myocytes, like neurons in the central nervous system, are not replenished, yet there is no cardiac protective equivalent to the blood-brain barrier. Thus, cardiac myocytes may ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01172-07
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabies, as the oldest known infectious disease, remains a serious threat to public health worldwide. The eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin TRiC/CCT complex facilitates the folding of proteins through ATP hydrolysis. Here, we investigated the expression, cellular localization, and function of neuronal CCTγ during neurotr...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03186-12
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measles virus (MV) infection causes an acute childhood disease, associated in certain cases with infection of the central nervous system and development of a severe neurological disease. We have generated transgenic mice ubiquitously expressing the human protein SLAM (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule), or CD1...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00209-06
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Group A rotaviruses are major pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis in children and animals. To determine if group A rotavirus replicates and induces disease in rats, antibody-negative Lewis neonatal or adult rats were inoculated orally with tissue culture-adapted human (Wa, WI61, and HAL1166), simian (rhesus rotavi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.76.1.41-57.2002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria are crucial to proper neuronal function and overall brain health. Mitochondrial dysfunction within the brain has been observed in many neurodegenerative diseases, including prion disease. Several markers of decreased mitochondrial activity during prion infection have been reported, yet the bioenergetic re...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00524-17
更新日期:2017-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a global health concern despite the availability of a seasonal vaccine. It is difficult to predict which strains will circulate during influenza season, and therefore, it is extremely challenging to test novel vaccines in the human population. To overcome this obstacle, new vaccines mus...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01677-18
更新日期:2018-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the T4 bacteriophage regA gene in stabilizing early mRNA was investigated by assaying the level of functional mRNA from eight prereplicative genes (56 [dCMP hydroxymethylase], cd [dCMP deaminase], 1 [deoxynucleotide kinase], rIIA, rIIB, 46 [DNA arrest], and 45) during extended infection of Escherichia coli...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.17.2.538-549.1976
更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection of mice with Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) as well as with a nonpathogenic variant, Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV, was studied. Mo+PyF101 M-MuLV differs from wild-type M-MuLV by the addition of enhancer sequences from polyomavirus in the long terminal repeat. Previous experiments indicated that Mo+PyF101 establi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.60.2.423-430.1986
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular defect in the nonconditional B-tropic MuLV pol mutant, clone 23 (Gerwin et al., J. Virol. 31:741-751, 1979), has been characterized by recombinant DNA technology. The entire mutant genome was cloned from an EcoRI digest of integrated cellular DNA into bacteriophage lambda Charon 4A and then subcloned at ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.51.2.470-478.1984
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) and IFN-gamma inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication noncytopathically in the livers of HBV transgenic mice and in hepatocyte cell lines derived from these mice. The present study was designed to identify transcriptionally controlled hepatocellu...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.2.1227-1236.2003
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 oncoproteins recruit the cellular ubiquitin ligase E6AP/UBE3A to target cellular substrates for proteasome-mediated degradation, and one consequence of this activity is the E6 stimulation of E6AP autoubiquitination and degradation. Recent studies identified an autism-linked mutation w...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01390-17
更新日期:2017-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::Members of the tripartite interaction motif (TRIM) family of E3 ligases are emerging as critical regulators of innate immunity. To identify new regulators, we carried out a screen of 43 human TRIM proteins for the ability to activate NF-κB, AP-1, and interferon, hallmarks of many innate immune signaling pathways. We i...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01804-12
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tryptic digests of four polypeptides found in Kunjin virus-infected Vero cells, NV5, NV4, V3, and NV3, were compared by peptide mapping. The polypeptides to be analyzed were labeled with radioactive methionine and separated by electrophoresis through polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Because infec...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.24.2.651-661.1977
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relatively little is known at the functional genomic level about the global host response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Microarray analyses by several laboratories, including our own, have revealed that HIV-1 infection causes significant changes in host mRNA abundance and regulation of seve...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00288-07
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00