Abstract：
:Viruses are ubiquitous parasites of cellular life forms and the most abundant biological entities on earth. The relationships between viruses and their hosts involve the continuous arms race but are by no account limited to it. Growing evidence shows that, in the course of evolution, viruses and their components are repeatedly recruited (exapted) for host functions. The functions of exapted viruses typically involve either defense from other viruses or cellular competitors or transfer of nucleic acids between cells, or storage functions. Virus exaptation can reach different depths, from recruitment of a fully functional virus to exploitation of defective, partially degraded viruses, to utilization of individual virus proteins.
journal_name
Curr Opin Viroljournal_title
Current opinion in virologyauthors
Koonin EV,Krupovic Mdoi
10.1016/j.coviro.2018.07.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-08-01 00:00:00pages
1-8eissn
1879-6257issn
1879-6265pii
S1879-6257(18)30063-4journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:While viral latency remains one of the biggest challenges for successful antiviral therapy, it has also inspired mathematical modelers to develop dynamical system approaches with the aim of predicting the impact of drug efficacy on disease progression and the persistence of latent viral reservoirs. In this review we p...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2013.06.015
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compare the design, mechanism of action, and clinical efficacy of two recently licensed paradigm shifting vaccines. Zostavax is the first vaccine licensed to prevent disease in patients already infected with a pathogen, and is contrasted with Gardasil and Cervarix, the first vaccines designed and licensed specifica...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2011.07.007
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With a few exceptions, vaccines for viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever remain unavailable or lack well-documented efficacy. In the past decade this has not been due to a lack of the ability to develop vaccine platforms against highly pathogenic viruses, but rather the lack of will/interest to invest in platforms tha...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2013.04.007
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epicutaneous delivery of vaccinia virus (VacV) by scarification of the skin generates robust and durable protective immunity, which was ultimately responsible for eradicating smallpox from the human race. Therefore, infection of the skin with VacV is often used in experimental model systems to study the activation of ...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2017.10.001
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retroviruses are a virus family of considerable medical and veterinary importance. Additionally, it is now clear that endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) comprise significant portions of vertebrate genomes. Until recently, very little was known about the deep evolutionary origins of retroviruses. However, advances in genom...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2017.06.006
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rotavirus, a cause of pediatric gastroenteritis, has a genome consisting of 11 segments of double-stranded (ds)RNA surrounded by a triple-layered protein capsid. The rotavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, VP1, synthesizes both dsRNA and plus-strand RNA (+RNA) within subviral particles. Structural analyses of the rota...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2014.08.008
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developing antiviral drugs is challenging due to the small number of targets in viruses, and the rapid evolution of viral genes. Animals have evolved a number of efficient antiviral defence mechanisms, which can serve as a source of inspiration for novel therapies. The genetically tractable insect Drosophila belongs t...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2016.09.005
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The central nervous system (CNS) is an immunologically specialized organ where restrictive barrier structures protect the parenchyma from inflammation and infection. This protection is important in preventing damage to non-renewable resident cell populations, such as neurons, responsible for functions ranging from exe...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2017.12.003
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are potential therapeutic molecules and valuable tools for studying conserved viral targets for vaccine and drug design. Interestingly, antibody responses to conserved epitopes can be highly convergent at the molecular level. Human antibodies targeting a number of viral antigens...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2019.02.004
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The last two decades have witnessed the increasing instrumentalization of viruses, which have progressively evolved into highly potent gene transfer vehicles for a wide spectrum of applications. In the context of the central nervous system (CNS), their unique gene delivery features and targeting specificities have bee...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2016.08.004
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD27 is a co-stimulatory immune-checkpoint receptor, constitutively expressed on a broad range of T-cells (αβ and γδ), NK-cells and B-cells. Ligation of CD27 with CD70 results in potent co-stimulatory effects. In mice, co-stimulation of CD8+ T-cells through CD27 promotes immune activation and enhances primary, seconda...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2016.12.001
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Once considered an inevitable consequence of HIV treatment, drug resistance is declining. This decline supports the hypothesis that antiretroviral therapy can arrest replication and prevent the evolution of resistance. Further support comes from excellent clinical outcomes, the failure of treatment intensification to ...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2013.08.007
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evolution has equipped plants with defense mechanisms to counterattack virus infections. However, some viruses have acquired the capacity to escape these defense barriers. In their combats, plants use mechanisms such as antiviral RNA silencing that viruses fight against using silencing-repressors. Plants could also re...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2015.12.001
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccines are the gold standard for the control and prevention of infectious diseases, but a number of important human diseases remain challenging targets for vaccine development. An influenza vaccine that confers broad spectrum, long-term protection remains elusive. Several broadly neutralizing antibodies have been id...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2012.02.005
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pathogens such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the hepatitis B and C virus (HBV, HCV) and certain strains of the rodent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) establish a state of persisting viral replication. This occurs besides strong adoptive immune responses and the induction of large numbers of acti...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2016.01.002
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viral proteins have enabled the design of selective and efficacious treatments for viral diseases. While focus in this area has been on viral enzymes, it appears that multifunctional viral proteins may be even more susceptible to small molecule interference. As exemplified by HIV capsid, small molecule inhibitors can ...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2014.02.002
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Structural information can inform our understanding of virus origins and evolution. The herpesviruses and tailed bacteriophages constitute two large families of dsDNA viruses which infect vertebrates and prokaryotes respectively. A relationship between these disparate groups was initially suggested by similarities in ...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2014.02.003
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biological invasions occur when plants, animals, or microbes are introduced to a new geographic region, then spread and have negative consequences for the local ecosystem. Across both plant and animal hosts, viruses can play diverse roles in biological invasions. First, viruses can either decrease or increase the impa...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2011.05.018
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Messenger RNAs are decorated by a cap structure, which is essential for their translation into proteins. Many viruses have developed strategies in order to cap their mRNAs. The cap is either synthetized by a subset of viral or cellular enzymes, or stolen from capped cellular mRNAs by viral endonucleases ('cap-snatchin...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2017.04.003
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viruses can suffer 'life-history' trade-offs that prevent simultaneous improvement in fitness traits, such as improved intrahost reproduction at the expense of reduced extrahost survival. Here we examine reproduction-survival trade-offs and other trait compromises, highlighting that experimental evolution can reveal t...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2014.07.005
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The direct electron detector has revolutionized electron cryo-microscopy (CryoEM). Icosahedral virus structures are routinely produced at 4Å resolution or better and the approach has largely displaced virus crystallography, as it requires less material, less purity and often produces a structure more rapidly. Largely ...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2016.02.011
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effective vaccines are the cornerstone of our defenses against acute influenza virus infections that result in ∼500 000 annual deaths worldwide. For decades, an on-going concerted effort has been to develop a universal influenza vaccine to combat the looming threat of potentially pandemic emerging and re-emerging infl...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2018.11.005
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Productive virus infection depends upon delivery of viral genomic material into the host cell cytoplasm. The tails of bacteriophages recognize host cells and mediate host cell wall and membrane penetration. Recent cryo-electron microscopy studies have revealed near atomic-resolutions structures of the entire or almost...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2020.09.002
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coronaviruses are positive stranded RNA viruses that cause respiratory, enteric and central nervous system diseases in many species, including humans. Until recently, the relatively low burden of disease in humans caused by few of these viruses impeded the development of coronavirus specific therapeutics. However, the...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2014.06.002
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:True retroviruses are not known in plants; however, plant pararetroviruses (caulimoviridae) share many retroviral properties, replicating by transcription in the nucleus followed by reverse transcription in the cytoplasm. Pararetroviruses have circular DNA genomes that do not integrate into the host genome, and displa...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2013.08.013
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolution of virulence has been studied from a number of theoretical perspectives, and a few experimental systems. Although there is no consensus on an overarching framework that covers all situations, the 'trade-off' hypothesis is a useful framework for examining the nature of symbiotic relationships between viru...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2012.06.010
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Noroviruses are rapidly evolving RNA viruses and are generally known as the main cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Particle stability is of special interest as transmission occurs via the faecal-oral route and virions are able to persist in the environment. Studies on norovirus capsid assembly and disassembly ...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2018.05.003
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human alphaherpesviruses (αHHV) - herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) - infect mucosal epithelial cells, establish a lifelong latent infection of sensory neurons, and reactivate intermittingly to cause recrudescent disease. Although chronic αHHV infections co-exist with brisk T...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2013.04.004
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drinking waters are treated for enteric virus via a number of disinfection techniques including chemical oxidants, irradiation, and heat, however the inactivation mechanisms during disinfection remain elusive. Owing to the fact that a number of significant waterborne virus strains are not readily culturable in vitro a...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2011.11.003
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:West Nile virus remains the most common cause of arboviral encephalitis in North America. Since it was introduced, it has undergone adaptive genetic change as it spread throughout the continent. The WNV transmission cycle is relatively tractable in the laboratory. Thus the virus serves as a convenient model system for...
journal_title：Current opinion in virology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coviro.2016.09.007
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
