Taurine Attenuates Calpain-2 Induction and a Series of Cell Damage via Suppression of NOX-Derived ROS in ARPE-19 Cells.

Abstract:

:Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are key transmembrane proteins leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. However, the detailed roles of NOXs in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell metabolic stress induced by Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) through starvation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated what roles NOXs play in regard to calpain activity, endoplasmic stress (ER), autophagy, and apoptosis during metabolic stress in ARPE-19 cells. We first found that EBSS induced an increase in NOX2, NOX4, p22phox, and NOX5 compared to NOX1. Secondly, suppression of NOXs resulted in reduced ER stress and autophagy, decreased ROS generation, and alleviated cell apoptosis. Thirdly, silencing of NOX4, NOX5, and p22phox resulted in reduced levels of cell damage. However, silencing of NOX1 was unaffected. Finally, taurine critically mediated NOXs in response to EBSS stress. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that NOX oxidases are the upstream regulators of calpain-2, ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the protective effect of taurine is mediated by the reduction of NOX-derived ROS, leading to sequential suppression of calpain induction, ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis.

journal_name

Oxid Med Cell Longev

authors

Zhang Y,Ren S,Gu Y,Wang J,Liu Z,Zhang Z

doi

10.1155/2018/4596746

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-07-29 00:00:00

pages

4596746

eissn

1942-0900

issn

1942-0994

journal_volume

2018

pub_type

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