Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:Breast asymmetries have a high prevalence among women requesting breast augmentation. However, the prevalence of breast asymmetries in women undergoing other types of breast surgeries is not known. METHODS:The breast measurements of consecutively women evaluated for plastic surgery of the breast, but without prior breast surgery, were prospectively recorded in a plastic surgery database. They were classified into three groups according to the presenting breast problem: hypoplastic breasts, macromastia, and ptotic breasts. Comparisons were made between the right and left side of each patient regarding the symmetry of the nipple-areola complex (size and position), breast mound, and chest wall. RESULTS:The breast measurements of 304 women were analyzed. The mean age was 35 ± 12 years. The study population was distributed in the following manner: 126 hypoplastic breast cases, 100 macromastia cases, and 78 ptotic breast cases. Asymmetry of the position of the nipple-areola complex was found in 54%, 59%, and 56% of the groups, respectively. Asymmetry of the breast mound volume was found in 41%, 47%, and 44% of the groups. Asymmetry of the chest wall was present in 12%, 11%, and 10% of the groups, respectively. Overall, we found that 91% of the cases had at least one type of breast asymmetry. Prevalence of asymmetry was not different (p>0.05) among the groups, but the magnitude was larger in macromastia. CONCLUSION:Breast asymmetries were detected in the majority of women and the prevalence was similar across the different groups, however the magnitude was greater in hypertrophic breasts.
journal_name
P R Health Sci Jjournal_title
Puerto Rico health sciences journalauthors
Cruz NIsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-12-01 00:00:00pages
230-238issue
4eissn
0738-0658issn
2373-6011journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The association of Hispanic race/ethnicity and poverty with general survival time and breast cancer survival time was examined for a total of 14,896 breast cancer patients (14,035 White and 861 Hispanic) included in the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (NCI SEER) program in New Mexic...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of Streptococcus mutans from dental plaque samples with rapid systems, such as the RapID STR System, has not been recommended by the manufacturers. In this study, we evaluated the use of the above method for the identification of 34 human dental plaque Streptococcus mutans strains which had been ide...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer of the kidney and is among the tumors that are the most resistant to systemic therapy. Until recently, long term survival of this disease when it was not confined to the kidney was dismal, with the use of drugs such as interleukin-2 resulting in a 5-year survival rate of ...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human physiology depends on countless biochemical reactions, numerous of which are co-dependent and interrelated. The speed and level of completion of reactions usually depend on the availability of precursors and enzymes. The enzymatic activity depends on the bioavailability of micronutrient cofactors such as vitamin...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The present study was performed to detect cancer risk of the midwifes and nurses playing central role in raising awareness in the society using Gail's model. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Sample of the present cross sectional study consists of 750 volunteer midwifes and nurses in 2016. Breast cancer risk was calcula...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracts from higher plants were evaluated for inhibitory activity against avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. The assay may serve as a useful prescreen for potential anti-HIV bioactives. ...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The University of Puerto Rico School of Pharmacy was initially established as the Department of Pharmacy at the Río Piedras Campus on September 22, 1913, being the first healthcare program founded in Puerto Rico. The history of the School of Pharmacy reveals a remarkable evolution over a 100 years period in order to r...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been a constant increase in the incidence of dengue in the Americas over the past 15 years. This has been caused by increased frequency of epidemic activity in most countries, as a result of increased numbers of virus serotypes circulating in the region. The change in disease ecology has resulted in the emer...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Puerto Rican children could have a higher prevalence of obesity, compared to US children or even to US Hispanic children. Obese youths are more likely to have risk factors for cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension. Although BMI provides a simple, convenient measurement of obesity, it does not measur...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Significant new findings in the last decade have demonstrated that the vascular endothelium is an important regulatory organ in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and that endothelial dysfunction is present in several cardiovascular diseases. With the production of multiple vasoactive substances the normal endothe...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA microarray is a technology that simultaneously evaluates quantitative measurements for the expression of thousands of genes. DNA microarrays have been used to assess gene expression between groups of cells of different organs or different populations. In order to understand the role and function of the genes, one ...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of concomitant thyroid carcinoma with Grave's disease has been reported to range from 0 to 10%. Many controversies exist in the literature regarding the diagnostic workup and management in these types of patients. We are reporting a case of a 31 year old woman who had Graves' disease, a palpable thyroid...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Incidental adrenal tumors are commonly benign, but reports demonstrate that if the characteristics of the tumor are not clear, on images surgery is the procedure of choice. Our objective through this case is to show that laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe approach for adrenal incidental tumor regardless ...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deficient mydriasis of diverse etiology renders extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation technically difficult. Several techniques are available to improve surgical results when this problem is present. We have used multiple sphincterotomies in 6 patients with narrow pupils...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic health condition that affects 18 of every 100,000 Puerto Rican youth. Few research studies have been performed on the problems that youth with diabetes encounter and how they are related to adherence to treatment and adequate metabolic control. Adequate metabolic...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Folate deficiency is one of today's most common vitamin deficiencies in women. Women who consume a low level of folate during pregnancy are at risk for poor pregnancy outcomes including neural tube defects (NTD). However, other factors such as heredity, social class, maternal age, birth order, maternal diet, length of...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study intends to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) infections by A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa in a tertiary care teaching hospital intensive care unit (ICU) in San Juan, PR, estimate the mortality rate and compare the morbidity and mortality differences among those tr...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patterns of stress-responsiveness were studied in 19 adolescent male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) who are part of the free-ranging colony on Cayo Santiago, PR. Morphometric and blood samples were obtained as each male was captured and after holding overnight. Subject heart rate was recorded on Day 2, using surface ...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in the understanding of chondrocytes and the synovial membrane as targets of and participants in the inflammatory process in articular joints have provided insights into the role of inflammation in cartilage and subchondral bone injury in rheumatic diseases. Reports that describe the inflammatory cellular inf...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may experience significant changes in their daily routines due to this condition, which frequently results in depressive symptoms and the deterioration of their quality of life. We examined the factors associated with suicidal ideation (SI) and diabetes-related quality of lif...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested a dietary supplement formulated with a synergistic combination of vitamins, minerals, herbals in a group of 15 patients with uncontrolled diabetes type II. The supplement was given for 30 days. Fasting blood glucose was measured prior to the supplementation and at the end of the 30 days treatment period. Blo...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)] in Puerto Rico has increased significantly in recent years. Experience with these diseases outside of a referral center is limited. A registry for IBD, created by the University of Puerto Rico (UPR) Center for...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study analyzed the socioeconomic determinants of health insurance status among Puerto Ricans. Given the fact that there are no mandated health benefits for private firms in Puerto Rico and that health services are provided almost free of charge in government facilities, Puerto Rico provides a unique case s...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's Disease. The untold story. After considering the potential relationship between amyloid deposits and myxedematous infiltrations, the hypothesis is formulated that Alzheimer's disease may be due to functional hypothyroidism and may thus respond to thyroid therapy. ...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Candida is the fourth most common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSI), being Candida albicans the most common species. This study evaluated the distribution of Candida spp isolates at a tertiary care medical center. The associated factors and outcome of patients with candidemia at the Puerto Rico Medical ...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A questionnaire entitled "Attitude toward tobacco usage among health professionals in Puerto Rico" was administered to medical students completing their first and fourth years respectively at the University of Puerto Rico Medical School. Percent of each group currently smoking was found to be 18.5 and 10.8 with an ave...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present the case of a 9 year old girl with history of progressive pneumatoceles and infection since she was 3 years old. A chest computerized tomography revealed a cystic lung mass. The patient was taken to surgery and a left lower lobe lobectomy was performed. The pathologic diagnosis was that of a congenital cyst...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small island exigencies and a legacy of colonial jurisprudence set the stage for this three-year study in 2001-2003 of abortion practice on several islands of the northeast Caribbean: St. Martin, St. Maarten, Anguilla, Antigua and St Kitts. Based on in-depth interviews with 26 physicians, 16 of whom were performing ab...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the year 2000, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for cardiac failure has been employed in the post operative care of children at the Centro Cardiovascular de Puerto Rico y el Caribe. Our experience with the application of ECMO had been limited to circulatory support after repair of congenital ca...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder of metabolism, which is commonly found in the Puerto Rican population. In this article the current concepts in diagnosis, classification and correct coding of DM are discussed. Since the cutoff point for diagnosing DM was lowered to 126 mg/dl in a fasting plasma glucose lev...
journal_title：Puerto Rico health sciences journal
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
