Abstract:
PURPOSE OF STUDY:The aim of the study is to describe the prevalence of illicit drug use in England and Wales using data from the UK Survey of Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs (NMURx) programme and to compare against the well-established Crime Survey England and Wales (CSEW). The rationale is that recreational and illicit drug use is common, but the prevalence is difficult to estimate with personal interviewing methods. STUDY DESIGN:We compared two cross-sectional population surveys (NMURx, n=8903 and CSEW, n=20 685) with data regarding self-reported recreational drug use and demographics. NMURx is an online survey using non-probability sampling methodology with preset demographical quotas based on census data. CSEW surveys drug use via computer-assisted self-interviewing as part of a computer-assisted personal-interviewing crime survey. RESULTS:Cannabis was the most frequently used drug regardless of demographics. Prevalence of drug use for specific substances was generally higher for males, younger ages and students. The relationship between income and drug misuse is less clear. Self-reported prevalence of drug use in the NMURx survey is consistently higher than CSEW (absolute difference 1%-3 % across substances and timescales) and persists after stratification for gender, age, student status and household income. CONCLUSIONS:The NMURx survey has a broad reach of participants, and a sampling scheme that achieves external validity, compared with general population demographics. NMURx's online format allows flexibility in items surveyed and in response to emerging trends. The self-reported drug use in the NMURx cohort is comparable, although slightly higher, than the CSEW estimates.
journal_name
Postgrad Med Jjournal_title
Postgraduate medical journalauthors
Ng FL,Rockhill K,Black J,May KP,Whittington MD,Wood DM,Dargan PI,Green JLdoi
10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135798subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-11-01 00:00:00pages
627-633issue
1117eissn
0032-5473issn
1469-0756pii
postgradmedj-2018-135798journal_volume
94pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The most sensitive index of hepatic encephalopathy in 29 patients following a porta-caval shunt appeared to be the assessment of a close relative who had known the patient pre-operatively. They noticed that 19 of the 20 patients were mentally slower; 11 were markedly aggressive and 8 had become placid and uncaring abo...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.62.725.163
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of primary purulent meningococcal pericarditis presenting with chest pain, hypotension and cardiac tamponade followed by oliguric renal failure is reported. Treatment with antibiotics and surgical drainage was successful. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.61.722.1067
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two patients presented with hypophosphataemic osteomalacia and were subsequently found to have small tumours unusual histopathology and location causing the osteomalacia. Each tumour was found after an intensive search for occult masses. Studies of vitamin D metabolism and renal tubular function before and after surge...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.61.714.349
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary gastric lymphoma is a rare tumour. It is thought that low grade gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma has not been previously reported to occur in a patient with gastrojejunostomy. This report describes such a case. The patient presented with bleeding from non-healing stomal ulcers. The ulcers hea...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.020164
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastric cancer is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. There are several risk factors, with occupation emerging as one of these. There is considerable evidence that occupations in coal and tin mining, metal processing, particularly steel and iron, and rubber manufacturing industries lead to an increased ris...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pmj.79.931.252
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colonoscopies performed in patients aged 80 years or older at the Sheba Medical Center were analysed according to the primary indication for the procedure: 101 colonoscopies were performed because of rectal bleeding of at least 2 months duration, and 335 for all other indications. Carcinoma of the large bowel was foun...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.68.799.355
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two different doses of cefaclor advanced formulation (AF), a new sustained-release formulation of cefaclor, were compared with the regular formulation of cefaclor for efficacy and safety in the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria. A 7-day course of treatment was used, and the trials were d...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The monocyte function, as measured by phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans and Candida pseudotropicalis by peripheral blood monocytes, was found impaired in a patient with cirrhosis of the liver on two separate determinations before the occurrence of bleeding from oesophageal varices. Unexpectedly, Hodgkin's d...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.60.705.482
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor neurone disease (MND), or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is a neurodegenerative disorder of unknown aetiology. Progressive motor weakness and bulbar dysfunction lead to premature death, usually from respiratory failure. Confirming the diagnosis may initially be difficult until the full clinical features ar...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pmj.78.923.513
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostatic involvement is an unusual complication of Wegener's granulomatosis. We report two cases with this complication and emphasize the importance of recognizing this manifestation in diagnosis and management of the disease condition. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.63.735.53
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is a case report of a boy who presented with unilateral foot drop approximately 1 year after traumatic injury from skateboarding. Exploratory surgical operation was eventually performed, and histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed leprous peripheral neuropathy of the peroneal nerve. The patient...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.70.820.111
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma is an uncommon cause of Cushing's syndrome, which rarely responds to conventional treatment. A patient presenting with Cushing's syndrome secondary to adrenocortical carcinoma underwent surgical resection. Postoperatively, she developed metastatic disease resistant to con...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.75.880.96
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Rapid response systems (RRSs) have been introduced to facilitate effective 'rescue' of seriously ill patients on hospital wards. While research has demonstrated some benefit, uncertainty remains regarding impact on patient outcomes. Little is known about the relationship between social contexts and the app...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj-2011-000147rep
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Important implications for the recognition of iron deficiency anaemia include diagnosis and correction of underlying causes, most of which are identifiable, in the older patient, by means of conventional upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and by colonoscopy. The aetiological search may, however, have to be widened to i...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pmj.76.894.195
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews the current literature concerning the different investigative modalities available to assess the microcirculation in diabetic microangiopathy. The advantages and disadvantages of the different invasive and noninvasive methods available are presented objectively. We have concentrated on the tests tha...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.69.812.419
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke is the third most common cause of death in developed countries. In England and Wales, 1000 people under the age of 30 have a stroke each year. Cocaine is the most commonly used class A drug, and the first report of cocaine-induced stroke was in 1977. Since the development of alkaloidal "crack" cocaine in the 19...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2006.055970
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychosis is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in its later stages. The symptoms range from comparatively minor illusions, vivid dreams, and occasional, non-disturbing visual hallucinations to frank psychosis. The pathogenesis of psychosis in PD is not fully known. Management of psychosis in PD requires...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.032029
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical features of 62 cases of computerized axial tomography scan-proved cerebral haemorrhage and 81 cases of cerebral infarction in the carotid territory have been compared in a retrospective case note survey. The clinical features which can help in making the distinction between haemorrhage and infarction at t...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.56.659.629
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ganglioneuroblastoma in the spinal region is rare, the treatment of choice being surgical excision. We present a 21 year old male who was diagnosed to have this condition in the dorsolumbar spinal region. The tumour was extending intraspinally and was unresectable. Combination chemotherapy with Adriamycin (doxorubicin...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.69.815.746
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Localized fibrous mesothelioma of the pleura is an uncommon neoplasm. Very rarely (there have been three previous cases) it may occur as an isolated mediastinal tumour. Such a tumour was present for at least 3 years in a 47 year old man, causing shortness of breath and superior vena cava syndrome. A mass weighing over...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.65.768.788
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A previously healthy patient developed serologically-proven Yersinia pseudotuberculosis enterocolitis and made a complete recovery. Over a year later, further gastrointestinal symptoms developed and Crohn's disease was diagnosed. The possible relevance to the aetiology of Crohn's disease is discussed. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.61.712.173
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing is a global problem. Limited data are available on the prevalence of PIMs in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the PIM prevalence in elderly patients with CKD, the most common drugs implicated and the levels of polypharmac...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-130889
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the current attitudes towards the prevention of venous thromboembolism among a cohort of surgeons. DESIGN:A postal survey, comprising a questionnaire covering various aspects of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis was sent to all (n=84) consultant general surgeons in Wales. RESULTS:Replies were re...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pmj.78.916.88
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ulcerative colitis is not commonly associated with recognizable pulmonary disease and only four sporadic cases of sarcoidosis in association with ulcerative colitis have been previously reported. However, in a series of 680 patients with ulcerative colitis, pulmonary or extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis has at some stage be...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.62.727.341
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid commonly spreads to the lymphatics and later on in the disease process, to distant sites such as lung, liver and bone. Spread to the breast is rare (only two previous reported cases) and presents a major diagnostic dilemma. We report a case of metastatic medullary carcinoma of the th...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.71.842.744
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the association between professors' self-perception of mentoring skills and their academic performance. DESIGN:Two hundred and fifteen professors from Imperial College London, the first Academic Health Science Centre (AHSC) in the UK, were surveyed. The instrument adopted was the Mentorship Skills...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133542
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of post-thyroidectomy hypothyroidism is reported. The patient became euthyroid in three consecutive pregnancies, reverting to hypothyroid within three months of delivery on each occasion. The alteration in thyroid status is attributed to pregnancy related changes in antibody titres, though the laboratory data t...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pmj.77.911.591
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A patient with disseminated ovarian carcinoma presented with symptoms of hypocalcaemia secondary to hypomagnesaemia. The low serum magnesium (0.4 mmol/l) appeared to be due to renal leakage with no evidence of ureteric obstruction or hydronephrosis on intravenous urogram. Parathyroid hormone activity (serum levels and...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.69.813.583
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phyllodes tumours are rare fibroepithelial lesions that account for less than 1% of all breast neoplasms. With the non-operative management of fibroadenomas widely adopted, the importance of phyllodes tumours today lies in the need to differentiate them from other benign breast lesions. All breast lumps should be trip...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/pmj.77.909.428
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of ovarian carcinoma and systemic amyloidosis in a 64 year old woman with nephrotic syndrome is reported. Immunohistochemical study of renal and rectal biopsy specimens revealed the presence of amyloidosis AA antigens, consistent with secondary amyloidosis. The absence of chronic inflammatory or infectious dise...
journal_title:Postgraduate medical journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/pgmj.70.825.505
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00