Abstract：
:Metals attributed to pollution may increase their concentrations above the geological background and pose toxic challenges towards humans and biota. We analysed sixteen Kelp Gull eggs and eggshells for 30 metallic elements from the Swartkops Estuary (SE), an important recreational, industrial, and ecological asset for Port Elizabeth, the region, and South Africa. Mean concentrations for eggshell and egg content for Hg was 0.02 and 0.4 mg/kg dm, Cr was 4 and 18 mg/kg dm (the highest yet recorded for any gull or tern egg), for Zn 2.1 and 62 mg/kg dm, for Sr 880 and 12 mg/kg dm, for V 170 and 1.3 mg/kg dm, and for Co 1.7 and 0.002 mg/kg dm, respectively. Zinc, Se, and Hg, increased on a dry-mass basis from sediment via small fish to gull egg content, indicating bioaccumulation. No effect on eggshell thickness was seen. We also determined that eggshell concentrations cannot be used as a proxy for egg content concentrations. Mercury, Cr, V, Co, and Zn were elements we identified as potentially problematic that require source identification and mitigation. Further research into other high-trophic animals such as herons, egrets, cormorants, and otters in the SE system is proposed.
journal_name
Chemospherejournal_title
Chemosphereauthors
van Aswegen JD,Nel L,Strydom NA,Minnaar K,Kylin H,Bouwman Hdoi
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-04-01 00:00:00pages
533-542eissn
0045-6535issn
1879-1298pii
S0045-6535(19)30013-Xjournal_volume
221pub_type
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