Abstract：
:According to the WHO factsheet, although approximately half a million brucellosis cases are reported annually, the true incidence is always 10-25 times higher than the reported number of cases. Therefore, we face a common yet uncommonly recognized entity of brucellosis, which highlights the importance of providing precise and understandable guidelines for physician to recognize and manage the disease. Up to now, there is no distinct and clear guideline for brucellosis diagnosis. Hence, this article presents for the first time an algorithm based on our 30 years clinical experiences for brucellosis diagnosis. There are several serological patterns of brucellosis due to the insidious nature and serologic response of this disease. In contrast to most infectious diseases, the IgM response to brucellosis remains after the acute phase, IgG responses often fade after improvement and there is no lifelong positivity for IgG antibody. This diversity of serological pattern leads to seven clinical subtypes of the disease; three of those do not need any medical intervention. In endemic regions, this issue makes a challenging diagnostic puzzle for clinicians, which may consequently lead to national and international over- or underestimation of brucellosis incidence. On one hand, this may change the epidemiological landscape of brucellosis. On the other hand, drugs used in therapy are often accompanied by serious or sometimes irreversible side effects. Accordingly, we attempt to create a unique template to better identify these seven serological patterns and give a comprehensive insight into the diagnostic approach to brucellosis. Moreover, we describe in detail the appropriate use of wright, 2 ME, Coomb's WRIGHT, and ELISA tests.
journal_name
Microb Pathogjournal_title
Microbial pathogenesisauthors
Avijgan M,Rostamnezhad M,Jahanbani-Ardakani Hdoi
10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-04-01 00:00:00pages
125-130eissn
0882-4010issn
1096-1208pii
S0882-4010(18)30743-5journal_volume
129pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In order to characterize the toxicity of the hemorrhagic toxin of Clostridium sporogenes isolated from the rabbit with antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic diarrhoea, we studied the toxin productivity of C. sporogenes cultured in various media and the toxic effect of the partially purified preparation of the culture supe...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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doi：10.1006/mpat.1997.0132
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anthrax lethal factor (LF), a Zn(2+)-dependent metalloprotease, is a key virulence component of anthrax toxin. Here, we used proteolytic assay-based screening to identify novel LF inhibitors from a naturally extracted chemical library. The screening identified four compounds that inhibited in vitro proteolytic activit...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2012.04.004
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abstract：:Activation of human gamma delta T cells by culture supernatants of virulent and avirulent mycobacteria was examined. The stimulatory potential of mycobacteria was influenced by the type of culture media and independent from their virulence. Activation of gamma delta T cells by phagocytes infected with viable virulent ...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/mpat.1997.0187
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study characterizes immune cell populations in mice chronically infected with Salmonella. Mice were characterized as chronically infected based on persistently high titers of Salmonella-reactive immunoglobulins in the serum >6 months after a single oral dose of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. These mice h...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2006.03.004
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abstract：:Considered to be a potential "superbug", methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been one of the major recent infectious pathogens and thus poses a challenge to hospital infection control. The mobile genetic element staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) carries both the mecA or mecC gene, enc...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2016.10.028
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abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), a Gram-positive organism, is a frequent cause of subclinical mastitis. Geniposide, an iridoid glucoside isolated from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides, has been reported to exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The ability of S. aureus internalizing into bovine mam...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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abstract：:Enteropathogenic strains of Yersinia enterocolitica harbor a virulence plasmid (pYVe plasmid) of 70 kilobases (kb) which specifies, at 37 degrees C, a calcium requirement for growth, autoagglutinability, resistance to the bactericidal activity of human serum, and the expression of outer membrane proteins (OMP). Some m...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0882-4010(86)90067-7
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Blastocystis is one of the most common pathogens of the human intestine, caused by an emerging parasite, which can lead to severe symptoms and even death in immunocompromised patients. We aimed to determine the global prevalence of Blastocystosis infection in people with immunodeficiency. A systematic litera...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104615
更新日期：2020-11-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Mycotoxins represent substantial challenges to the farming industry. These include toxins produced by Fusarium fungi, particularly trichothecenes (toxin T-2) and fumonisin (FB1). In the present study, we determined the effects of addition on Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysate (SCL) added to feed contaminated with T-2 and...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104517
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Meningococci can be classified by the presence of serotype and subtype antigens on the class 2/3 and class 1 outer membrane proteins, respectively. A typing system employing monoclonal antibodies and a WCE for detection of such antigens enabled us to sero- and/or subtype 255 out of 268 group B meningococci from 19 cou...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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doi：10.1016/0882-4010(88)90045-9
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in host defense and cytoprotective functions in murine salmonellosis has been reported. Salmonella mutants with the altered sigma factor RpoS (sigmaS) are less virulent and are susceptible to various stresses. This study investigated the role of the rpoS gene of Salmonella enterica...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2005.11.007
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aims to investigate whether IL-10 regulate decidual Treg cells apoptosis to reverse the abnormal pregnancy outcomes with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection. Recombinant mouse IL-10 (rIL-10) treatment and IL-10 deficiency (IL-10(-/-)) abnormal pregnancy animal models with T. gondii infection were establ...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2015.10.002
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 strain, the flqB mutation in the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) of the norA gene causes increased norA mRNA expression and high efflux activity (HEA). The involvement of the norA gene 5'UTR in HEA has not been explored in S. epidermidis; therefore, we examined the function of this...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2016.12.021
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Besides the well characterized role in glycolysis, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has been implicated in virulence of pathogenic micro-organisms and because of its cell surface location, it has been shown to act as an adhesin for colonization of tissue surfaces both for pathogenic and non-pathogenic ...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2010.11.008
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
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doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103947
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.033
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Streptokinase (SK), a heterogeneous plasminogen (Pg) activator protein secreted by groups A, C and G streptococci (GAS/GCS/GGS) is a virulence factor composed of three structural domains; SKα/SKβ/SKγ. Phylogenetic analysis of the major variable region of SKβ (sk-V1; nucleotides 448-791; 343bp) which classifies the SK ...
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abstract：:β-1,3-glucan plays a role in non-albicans Candida species biofilm formation and survival of biofilm Candida to stresses. In this study, we evaluated the antibiofilm activity of β-1,3-glucanase, which can degrade poly-β(1 → 3)-glucose of non-albicans Candida species biofilms, on single and mixed species biofilm of non-...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.057
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The antigenic site normally situated in the EF loop of VP2 (2EF) of poliovirus type 2 (Lansing) [PV2 (L)] was expressed in 2EF or in the BC loop of VP1 (1BC) of PV1 (Mahoney) [PV1 (M)]. A hybrid virus expressing the site in 2EF of PV1 (M) is known to be neutralizable by PV2 (L)-specific antisera and to induce neutrali...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0882-4010(91)90063-g
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Indole is a metabolite of tryptophan that can be synthesized by various bacteria. In the present study, production of indole by Vibrio splendidus Vs was determined using Kovac's reagent, and m/z was further determined by HPLC-MS. Extracellular indole reached a maximum concentration of 160 μM, when OD600 of V. splendid...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.032
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journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
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doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.049
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The consumption of probiotics has increased due to the reported health benefits, mainly in preventing or treating gastrointestinal pathology. This study investigated the antimicrobial capacity of yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia kluyveri, previously isolated from fermented foods (indigenous beverage, kefir ...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103969
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about the virulence factors of Burkholderia mallei, the etiologic agent of glanders. We employed subtractive hybridization to identify genetic determinants present in B. mallei but not in Burkholderia thailandensis, a non-pathogenic soil microbe. Three subtractive hybridization products were mapped to ...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/mpat.2000.0430
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
