An overview of radioactivity measurement studies in Pakistan.

Abstract:

:In our environment, various naturally occurring radionuclides are present (both underground and overground) in several places, which results in lifelong human exposure. The radiation dose received by human beings from the radiation emitted by these naturally occurring radionuclides is approximately 87%. Exposure to radiation poses radiological health hazards. To assess the human health hazards from radiation, the concentration of these naturally occurring radionuclides are measured in soil (used for cultivation), building materials (soil, bricks, sand, marble, etc.), water and dietary items, worldwide. The available literature revealed that numerous studies related to the subject have been carried out in Pakistan. Most of these studies measured the radioactivity concentrations of primordial [uranium (238U), thorium (232Th), radium (226Ra) and potassium (40K)] and anthropogenic [cesium (137Cs)] radionuclide in soil samples (used for cultivation), fertilizers, building materials (i.e. bricks, rocks, sand, soil, marble, etc.), as well as water and dietary items, using a sodium iodide detector or high purity germanium. An effort was made in 2008 to compile these studies as a review article. However, since then, considerable studies have been undertaken and reported in the literature. Therefore, the main objective of the present article is to provide a countrywide baseline data on radionuclide levels, by overviewing and compiling the relevant studies carried out in Pakistan.

journal_name

Rev Environ Health

authors

Muhammad W,Matiullah .,Ullah A,Tahir S,Ullah F,Khan M

doi

10.1515/reveh-2018-0058

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-06-26 00:00:00

pages

141-152

issue

2

eissn

0048-7554

issn

2191-0308

pii

/j/reveh.ahead-of-print/reveh-2018-0058/reveh-2018

journal_volume

34

pub_type

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