[Diagnostic Strategy and Therapeutic Dilemma in Acute Posterior and Panuveitis].

Abstract:

:Acute posterior and panuveitis mostly affect younger patients and affect both eyes in more than half of cases. Because of the severe consequences in the clinical course, rapid and broad differential diagnosis are critical steps. Permanent loss of vision after a delay in starting therapy and the initiation of ineffective treatment are both serious risks. The initial diagnostic classification is based on clinical presentation (anatomical localisation and type of inflammation) and clinical course and, secondarily, on the response to acute therapy. The aetiology is acute in as many as one third of cases. The most frequent acute posterior uveitis in immunocompetent persons is acute viral retinal necrosis. It is difficult to distinguish this clinically from Behçet uveitis, as long as there are no systemic manifestations. In patients with disease threatening the macula, high dose steroid therapy must be started no later than 24 hours after the start of antiviral and anti-parasitic acute therapy. Thus, misdiagnosis has therapeutic consequences. Moreover, the prognosis is favourably affected by aggressive treatment of acute posterior uveitis. Any delay in starting therapy increases infectious and inflammatory tissue damage, and increases the risk of involvement of the other eye and of other organs. On the other hand, the use of high doses of steroids, immunosuppressives and biological agents can lead to uncontrolled proliferation of the pathogen and relapses. :Die breite Differenzialdiagnose der akuten posterioren und Panuveitis, die meist jüngere Individuen und in mehr als der Hälfte beide Augen betrifft, macht die rasche diagnostische Einordnung und die therapeutische Entscheidung wegen ihrer erheblichen Konsequenzen für den weiteren Verlauf zu kritischen Schritten. Das Risiko eines bleibenden Visusverlustes infolge eines verzögerten Therapiebeginns ist dabei ebenso bedeutsam wie das Einleiten einer nicht genügend wirksamen Therapie. Klinische Präsentation (anatomische Lokalisation und Entzündungstyp), Verlauf und sekundär das Ansprechen auf die Akuttherapie lassen eine erste diagnostische Eingrenzung zu, wobei eine infektiöse Ätiologie in bis zu einem Drittel der Fälle vorliegt. Die häufigste akute posteriore Uveitis bei immunkompetenten Patienten ist eine akute virale Netzhautnekrose. Diese lässt sich oft klinisch nicht sicher von einer Behçet-Uveitis unterscheiden, solange keine systemischen Manifestationen vorliegen. Bis zur definitiven diagnostischen Einordnung muss deshalb bei makulabedrohender Erkrankung spätestens 24 Stunden nach Beginn einer antiviralen und antiparasitären Akuttherapie eine hochdosierte Steroidtherapie begonnen werden. Den therapeutischen Konsequenzen der Fehleinschätzung der Erkrankung stehen prognostische Überlegungen gegenüber, die ein aggressives Vorgehen gerade bei akuten posterioren Uveitiden rechtfertigen: Jede Verzögerung des Therapiebeginns vermehrt die infektiöse und entzündliche Gewebsschädigung, erhöht das Risiko einer Affektion des Partnerauges und anderer Organe, wohingegen der Einsatz höherer Steroiddosen, Immunsuppressiva und Biologika zu unkontrollierter Erregerproliferation und zu Rezidiven führen kann.

journal_name

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd

authors

Garweg JG,Messerli J

doi

10.1055/a-0828-7395

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-04-01 00:00:00

pages

487-491

issue

4

eissn

0023-2165

issn

1439-3999

journal_volume

236

pub_type

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