Abstract：
:It is unknown whether the association between body mass index (BMI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is mediated by genetic confounding or obesity-associated diabetes. We investigated the association between BMI and incident CKD in 29,136 Swedish twins with no history of CKD or diabetes, first using traditional Cox regression in a cohort design, and second controlling for shared genetic factors within twin pairs. Hazard ratios (HR) per unit increase in BMI were calculated and adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors. We contrasted CKD risk between twins with discordant BMI and adjusted for diabetes as a time-varying covariate. During an average follow-up of 12.8 years, 1,113 (3.8%) incident CKD and 2,282 (7.8%) diabetes cases were observed. BMI was associated with CKD risk in the traditional cohort analysis (HR 1.13; 95% CI, 1.11-1.14). Effect sizes were similar in analyses clustered by twin pairs to adjust for factors shared by twins (HR 1.16; 95 CI 1.09-1.22 in same-sex fraternal twins and HR 1.17; 95% CI 1.06-1.29 in identical twins). Heavier twins had higher incidence rates of both CKD and diabetes than their leaner siblings, particularly when BMI differed by >2 kg/m2. The proportion of CKD cases attributable to BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was estimated to be 32%, with approximately 19% of those cases explained by diabetes. We conclude that a higher BMI, irrespective of genetic confounding, is associated with increased CKD risk. A large proportion of CKD cases might be prevented if the population maintained a normal BMI.
journal_name
Kidney Intjournal_title
Kidney internationalauthors
Xu H,Kuja-Halkola R,Chen X,Magnusson PKE,Svensson P,Carrero JJdoi
10.1016/j.kint.2018.12.019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-05-01 00:00:00pages
1225-1233issue
5eissn
0085-2538issn
1523-1755pii
S0085-2538(19)30047-Xjournal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We sought to determine whether artherosclerosis may be accelerated in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis and investigated the risk factors for carotid and femoral atherosclerosis in such patients. High-resolution B-mode ultrasonography was used to determine the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid and ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1995.356
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uracil ribonucleotide-sugars and aminosugars are required for glomerular basement membrane (GBM) biosynthesis. Since these nucleotides are metabolic derivatives of uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP), we have studied the cellular pools of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose (UDPG), uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA), uridi...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1986.146
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Estradiol suppresses the synthesis of type I collagen by murine mesangial cells. However, neither the alpha 1(I) nor the alpha 2(I) collagen gene contains an estrogen-response element. Because estradiol modulates the transcription of several genes that lack an estrogen-response element but contain a regulato...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00376.x
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Only few noninvasive methods have the potential to quantitate renal blood flow (RBF) in humans. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a clinical imaging method that can be used to measure the tissue blood flow noninvasively. The purpose of this study was to validate PET measurement of RBF using 15O-labeled w...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00110.x
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein energy wasting is a common feature of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with poor outcomes. Protein energy wasting and cachexia, a severe form of protein energy wasting, are characterized by increased resting energy expenditure but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Browning corr...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.027
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) when used in triple combination with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and diuretics, but previous research reported that NSAIDs in dual combinations with either renin-angiotensin system inhibitors or diu...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2015.101
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide is synthesized in experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis due to local induction of type 2 nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). To determine the role of NOS2, the course of accelerated anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM) was examined in mice homozygous for disruption of the NOS...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1523-1755.1998.00892.x
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From the urine of patients with calcium nephrolithiasis, and of control subjects, we isolated organic substances according to molecular size and tested them for effects on calcium oxalate precipitation. Nine subgroup materials of varying sizes were prepared by ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography f...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1982.33
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pathogenesis of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Background. Hyperphosphatemia and hypercalcemia are independent risk factors for higher incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease. In addition to increased calcium-phosphate product, hyperphosphatemia accelerates the pro...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00421.x
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine whether Cyclosporine A (CsA) alters the intrarenal expression of the renin and type 1 angiotensin II receptor genes, male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were given 25 mg/kg/day CsA s.c. for three weeks (CsA, N = 20) and were compared to pair-fed vehicle treated rats (Con, N = 20). The intrarenal distribution o...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1993.90
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renal para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearances were predicted in 16 kidneys of eight hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis, pyelonephritis, or obstructive nephropathy, without individual ureteral catheterization. Predictions of left or right kidney clearance (CL or CR) were based on roentgenographic renal front...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1977.27
更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease. Recent advances in molecular genetics show that defects in the podocyte play a major role in its pathogenesis and mutations in inverted formin 2 (INF2) cause autosomal dominant FSGS. In order to delineate the role of INF2 mutat...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2011.297
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted acidic glycoprotein that has potent monocyte chemoattractant and adhesive properties. Up-regulation of tubular OPN expression is thought to promote interstitial macrophage infiltration in experimental nephritis; however, the role of OPN in glomerular lesions, particularly crescent forma...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00748.x
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously shown that ultrasonography can detect hyperechogenic crystal deposits in the kidney medulla of patients with gout. In this cross-sectional study we investigated the frequency and clinical correlates of hyperechogenic kidney medulla in 502 consecutive primary consultants for gout (ACR/EULAR criteria)...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.kint.2020.08.024
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In hemodialysis patients with hyperkalemia, i.v. sodium bicarbonate has recently been found to be ineffective in lowering plasma potassium within one hour. In the present study the effect of a prolonged bicarbonate infusion on plasma potassium was investigated. Twelve patients with terminal renal failure who were on h...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1992.51
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The renal handling of gentamicin in the rat was examined by clearance, microinjection, and renal cortical-slice techniques. The steady-state renal clearance of 14C-gentamicin, when corrected for the 7.5% binding to plasma protein, was not significantly different from that of 3H-inulin. At the end of the renal clearanc...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1979.149
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent insights have defined the central role of podocytes both in rare genetic diseases and as a general determinant of the progression of human glomerular diseases. In a recent issue of Nature, Weavers et al. described a podocyte-like cell type in Drosophila, the nephrocyte, that closely resembles mammalian podocyte...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2008.653
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrarenal artery infusions of hypertonic saline can activate tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), decreasing renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The response to infusion of hypertonic saline is enhanced by salt depletion and attenuated by salt loading, but has not previously been investigated in ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1987.236
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The continuous chemical, physical, and inflammatory insults of prolonged continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) incite mesothelial cell responses, which may result in peritoneal fibrosis. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), especially the isoform TGF-beta 1, has long been known to play ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00861.x
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pathologic calcification is a significant cause of increased morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. The precise mechanisms of ectopic calcification are not fully elucidated, but it is known to be caused by an imbalance of procalcific and anticalcific factors. In the chronic kidney disease pop...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.kint.2015.12.046
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we have evaluated 50 children (30 girls and 20 boys; mean age, 10.1 years) with a variety of renal diseases in whom renal biopsy specimens showed crescents in greater than or equal to 50% of glomeruli. Initial clinical features included edema in 61%; hypertension in 51%; gross hematuria in 73%; 3 to 4+ ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1985.30
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In adults on chronic hemodialysis, achieving a hemoglobin concentration of 12g/dl and above with erythropoiesis stimulating agents leads to increased cardiovascular events and mortality, but this may not be true in children. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients (under 18) from the...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.013
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the outcome of an inflammatory process that is triggered when an organ undergoes a transient reduction or cessation of blood flow, followed by re-establishment of perfusion. In the clinical setting, IRI contributes to significant acute kidney injury, patient morbidity and mortality...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.009
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental studies have demonstrated the cardinal role played by the mononuclear phagocyte system in the removal of antigen-antibody complexes. To assess the functional capacity of phagocytes in patients with renal disease, 33 normal subjects, 10 patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, 8 patients w...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1983.105
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have greatly expanded our knowledge of initial events that lead to epithelial cell polarity. Epithelial polarity is defined, in part, by apical cell-cell tight junctions that separate the plasma membrane into the apical domain and the basolateral domain, as well as the zonula adherens that mediate inter...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.ki.5002579
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although several kinds of evidence suggest that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) may contribute to the development of beta2-microglobulin-related (Abeta2m) amyloidosis, the precise roles of these molecules for the development of Abeta2m amyloidosis are poorly understood. METHODS:We investig...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00167.x
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity could affect associations between creatinine generation, estimated body surface area, and excretory burden, with effects on chronic kidney disease assessment. We therefore examined the impact of obesity on the performances of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the urine albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR)...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2014.112
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cholesterol conversion to and biliary excretion of bile acids represents the principal pathway of cholesterol catabolism in mammals. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (Ch-7 alpha-H) is the first and the rate limiting step in bile acid production. Recently, Ch-7 alpha-H enzymatic activity has been shown to be normal in r...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1996.118
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intravital multiphoton microscopy is a powerful tool to study kidney physiology in living animals. However, certain technical issues have curbed its usage to date, including limited depth of tissue penetration and high background emission of endogenous signals. Most previous studies have used the excitation range 700–...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2015.323
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The normal pattern of mRNA metabolism almost certainly becomes altered after uninephrectomy, especially during the first day when ribosomes accumulate in the proximal tubular cells of the remaining kidney. For example, within the first hour after nephrectomy, the fraction of newly synthesized poly(A)-deficient mRNA in...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1983.60
更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00
