Abstract:
:Proton MRS (1 H MRS) provides noninvasive, quantitative metabolite profiles of tissue and has been shown to aid the clinical management of several brain diseases. Although most modern clinical MR scanners support MRS capabilities, routine use is largely restricted to specialized centers with good access to MR research support. Widespread adoption has been slow for several reasons, and technical challenges toward obtaining reliable good-quality results have been identified as a contributing factor. Considerable progress has been made by the research community to address many of these challenges, and in this paper a consensus is presented on deficiencies in widely available MRS methodology and validated improvements that are currently in routine use at several clinical research institutions. In particular, the localization error for the PRESS localization sequence was found to be unacceptably high at 3 T, and use of the semi-adiabatic localization by adiabatic selective refocusing sequence is a recommended solution. Incorporation of simulated metabolite basis sets into analysis routines is recommended for reliably capturing the full spectral detail available from short TE acquisitions. In addition, the importance of achieving a highly homogenous static magnetic field (B0 ) in the acquisition region is emphasized, and the limitations of current methods and hardware are discussed. Most recommendations require only software improvements, greatly enhancing the capabilities of clinical MRS on existing hardware. Implementation of these recommendations should strengthen current clinical applications and advance progress toward developing and validating new MRS biomarkers for clinical use.
journal_name
Magn Reson Medjournal_title
Magnetic resonance in medicineauthors
Wilson M,Andronesi O,Barker PB,Bartha R,Bizzi A,Bolan PJ,Brindle KM,Choi IY,Cudalbu C,Dydak U,Emir UE,Gonzalez RG,Gruber S,Gruetter R,Gupta RK,Heerschap A,Henning A,Hetherington HP,Huppi PS,Hurd RE,Kantarci K,Kadoi
10.1002/mrm.27742subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-01 00:00:00pages
527-550issue
2eissn
0740-3194issn
1522-2594journal_volume
82pub_type
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