Abstract:
:The above methodology has been used to prepare a variety of PE-immunotoxins. These reagents are potent cytotoxic agents for cells in culture that bind the appropriate antibody and nontoxic when cells do not bind the antibody. PE-immunotoxins can be used to select for mutant cultured cells which lack the target of the antibody (see chapter by Gottesman [9] on drug-resistant mutants). Recently, we have also demonstrated in vivo activity when a PE-immunotoxin was used to inhibit the growth of human ovarian cancer cells in a nude mouse model of ovarian cancer. Also PE-immunotoxins are currently being evaluated in Phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of adult T-cell leukemia.
journal_name
Methods Enzymoljournal_title
Methods in enzymologyauthors
FitzGerald DJdoi
10.1016/s0076-6879(87)51015-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-01-01 00:00:00pages
139-45eissn
0076-6879issn
1557-7988pii
S0076-6879(87)51015-1journal_volume
151pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The history of free radical biochemistry is briefly reviewed in respect to major trend shifts from the focus on radiation damage toward enzymology of radical production and removal and ultimately the role of radicals, hydroperoxides, and related fast reacting compounds in metabolic regulation. Selected aspects of the ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(10)73001-9
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The histamine H(1) receptor (H(1)R) is a key player in acute inflammatory responses. Antihistamines are widely used to relief the symptoms of allergic rhinitis by antagonizing histamine binding to the H(1)R, without possessing intrinsic activity in classical assays such as guinea pig ileum contraction assays or intrac...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-381298-8.00007-1
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies are excellent binding proteins that have found numerous applications in biological research, biotechnology, and medicine. Characterization of their ligand binding properties has long been, and continues to be, the focus of many researchers. Antibodies are also perfect test systems which can be used for the ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-405539-1.00005-1
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The RNA-guided, sequence-specific endonuclease Cas9 has been widely adopted as genome engineering tool due to its efficiency and ease of use. Derived from the microbial CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) type II adaptive immune system, Cas9 has now been successfully engineered for genome...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-801185-0.00008-8
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hormone, hormone-like substances, and neuroendocrine peptides are natural constituents of milk, and they may have an important physiological and pharmacological role in neonate development. The concentration of these peptides in milk greatly exceeds those in serum and implies an active concentration mechanism in the m...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0076-6879(89)68038-x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling has been implicated in a panoply of cellular responses including survival, proliferation, protein synthesis, migration, and vesicular trafficking. In addition, alterations in the enzymatic activity of PI3Ks have been involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, ranging ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-801329-8.00006-4
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mapping and characterization of the vasculature using proteomics offers the opportunity to better understand the steps and molecular mechanisms involved in vascular development, and angiogenesis in particular. Proteomics has many key advantages over genomics, especially in directly determining protein expression. ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(08)03008-5
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetyl CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT; E.C. 2.3.1.5) enzymes play a key role in the metabolic activation of aromatic amine and nitroaromatic mutagens to electrophilic reactive intermediates. We have developed a system in which the activation of mutagens by recombinant human NAT2, expressed in Escherichia coli,...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(05)00011-X
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The remarkable success of cancer immunotherapies, especially the checkpoint blocking antibodies, in a subset of patients has reinvigorated the study of tumor-immune crosstalk and its role in heterogeneity of response. High-throughput sequencing and imaging technologies can help recapitulate various aspects of the tumo...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2020.01.001
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Optogenetic systems enable unmatched precision for controlling molecular biological processes but require the use of specialized electrical and optical hardware. In an effort to make working with optogenetic systems more accessible, we recently described an open-source hardware platform called the Light Plate Apparatu...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.04.018
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in functional genomics have enabled genome-wide genetic studies in mammalian cells. These include the establishment of high-throughput transfection and viral propagation methodologies, the production of large-scale cDNA and siRNA libraries, and the development of sensitive assay detection processes and...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(06)14028-8
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicle-mediated protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be controlled by linear, independent motifs embedded within the cargo. ER export motifs directly interact with selective components of COPII vesicles and enhance cargo recruitment onto COPII vesicles. Moreover, ER e...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-391862-8.00010-7
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::PqqE is the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of the redox cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), catalyzing the formation of a carbon-carbon bond in the precursor peptide PqqA. PqqE is a radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) (RS) enzyme, a family of enzymes that use the reductive cleavage of a [4Fe-4S] clust...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.04.002
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Structure-based protein design is a powerful technique with great potential. Challenges in two areas limit performance: structure scoring and sequence-structure searching. Many of the functions used to describe the relationship between protein sequence and energy are computationally expensive to evaluate, and the spac...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-394292-0.00008-4
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reference standard materials (RSMs) exist for a variety of biologics including vaccines but are not readily available for gene therapy vectors. To date, a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 RSM (rAAV2 RSM) has been produced and characterized and was made available to the scientific community in 2010. In add...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-386509-0.00015-6
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrite and nitrate represent the final products of nitric oxide (NO) oxidation pathways, and their hematic concentrations are frequently assessed as an index of systemic NO production. However, their intake with food can influence their levels. Nitrite and nitrate could have a role by producing NO, because nitrite ca...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(07)00823-3
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An overview of resolution enhancement of conventional, field-swept, continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance spectra using Fourier transform-based deconvolution methods is presented. Basic steps that are involved in resolution enhancement of calculated spectra using an implementation based on complex discrete F...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2015.06.009
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein oxidation is implicated in atherogenesis and other inflammatory conditions. Measuring levels of chlorinated and nitrated proteins in biological matrices serves as a quantitative index of oxidative stress in vivo. One potential mechanism for oxidative stress involves myeloperoxidase, a heme protein expressed by...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(07)00803-8
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peptides are multidentate chiral ligands capable of coordinating different metal ions. Nowadays, they can be obtained with high yield and purity, thanks to the advances on peptide/protein chemistry as well as in equipment (peptide synthesizers). Based on the identity and length of their amino acid sequences, peptides ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2016.04.007
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell wall precursors that have been modified at their peptide moiety were incorporated into the living bacterial cell wall. Using chemically synthesized bacterial cell wall precursors, a variety of compounds could be attached to the bacterial surface. Escherichia coli took the modified precursors into the cell wall af...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(03)01019-x
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a method for molecular confinement and single-fluorophore sensitive measurement in aqueous nanodroplets in oil. The sequestration of individual molecules in droplets has become a useful tool in genomics and molecular evolution. Similarly, the use of single fluorophores, or pairs of fluorophores, to study b...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(10)72015-2
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two lymphoid cell-specific proteins, called RAG-1 and RAG-2, initiate the process of antigen receptor gene rearrangement, termed V(D)J recombination, by assembling a protein-DNA complex with two recombination signal sequences (RSSs), each of which adjoins a different receptor gene segment, and then introducing a DNA d...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(06)08032-3
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endocytosis and autophagy are key vesicular pathways involved in degradation and recycling of cellular material. Both degradative pathways finally fuse with lysosome but are indeed interconnected at several levels. In particular, the fusion between endosomes and autophagosomes can generate intermediate vesicles named ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-397926-1.00006-8
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the least-squares fitting of data, there is a unique answer to the question of how the data should be weighted: inversely as their variance. Any other weighting gives less than optimal efficiency and leads to unreliable estimates of the parameter uncertainties. In calibration, knowledge of the data variance permits...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(08)03810-X
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous aspects of the immune system operate on the basis of complex regulatory networks that are amenable to mathematical and computational modeling. Several modeling frameworks have recently been applied to simulating the immune system, including systems of ordinary differential equations, delay differential equati...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(09)67004-X
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The innate immune system provides host defense against a variety of threats, including microbial infection and cellular damage. Pattern recognition receptors identify both pathogen and damage associated molecular motifs associated with these events. Nucleic acid is one such danger signal that is detected by a set of c...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.005
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ras proteins are small GTPases that exhibit high-affinity binding to GDP and GTP and hydrolyze bound GTP to GDP. The intrinsic GTPase activity of Ras proteins is accelerated by GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), which act to attenuate GTPase signaling by accelerating the conversion of bound GTP to bound GDP. Tumor-ass...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(05)07002-3
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitration and oxidation of tyrosine, tryptophan, and methionine residues in proteins are potential markers of their interaction with peroxynitrite. This chapter describes the procedure for the detection of these nitro-oxidative modifications by tandem mass spectrometry. The peptide YGDLANWMIPGK, shown to contain a nit...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(08)01215-9
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In polarized epithelial cells, the tight junction has been ascribed several functions including the regulation of the paracellular permeability, an impediment to the diffusion of molecules between the apical and basolateral domains, a site of delivery of transport vesicles for basolateral proteins, and a scaffold for ...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(05)04029-2
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the ability to expand indefinitely in vitro and give rise to cells of all three germ layers as well as germ cells. For these reasons, ESCs hold great promise for biomedicine. In order to harness the potential of pluripotent cells, it is necessary to first understand the molecular mecha...
journal_title:Methods in enzymology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0076-6879(10)77018-X
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00