Abstract：
RATIONALE:Pairing rewarding outcomes with audiovisual cues in simulated gambling games increases risky choice in both humans and rats. However, the cognitive mechanism through which this sensory enhancement biases decision-making is unknown. OBJECTIVES:To assess the computational mechanisms that promote risky choice during gambling, we applied a series of reinforcement learning models to a large dataset of choices acquired from rats as they each performed one of two variants of a rat gambling task (rGT), in which rewards on "win" trials were delivered either with or without salient audiovisual cues. METHODS:We used a sampling technique based on Markov chain Monte Carlo to obtain posterior estimates of model parameters for a series of RL models of increasing complexity, in order to assess the relative contribution of learning about positive and negative outcomes to the latent valuation of each choice option on the cued and uncued rGT. RESULTS:Rats which develop a preference for the risky options on the rGT substantially down-weight the equivalent cost of the time-out punishments during these tasks. For each model tested, the reduction in learning from the negative time-outs correlated with the degree of risk preference in individual rats. We found no apparent relationship between risk preference and the parameters that govern learning from the positive rewards. CONCLUSIONS:The emergence of risk-preferring choice on the rGT derives from a relative insensitivity to the cost of the time-out punishments, as opposed to a relative hypersensitivity to rewards. This hyposensitivity to punishment is more likely to be induced in individual rats by the addition of salient audiovisual cues to rewards delivered on win trials.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Langdon AJ,Hathaway BA,Zorowitz S,Harris CBW,Winstanley CAdoi
10.1007/s00213-019-05308-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-01 00:00:00pages
2543-2556issue
8eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072pii
10.1007/s00213-019-05308-xjournal_volume
236pub_type
杂志文章abstract：AIM:Excess consumption of alcohol leads to impaired cognition and decision making; hence, alcohol-containing products and advertising contain warning messages about the adverse effects of excess drinking. However, there is a need to understand how alcohol influences the processing of advisory messages. METHOD:The curr...
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abstract：:A prospective, placebo-controlled, comparative evaluation was conducted on two widely prescribed, sympatholytic antihypertensive agents with known CNS effects. In order to separately assess these effects in younger and older male hypertensives, patients were assigned to either of two treatment studies based on age. Fo...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-006-0492-2
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-003-1644-2
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050174
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Evidence suggesting that the endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) system can be manipulated to facilitate or impair extinction of learned behaviours has important consequences for opiate withdrawal and abstinence. We demonstrated that the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, which increases eCB levels,...
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244602
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
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