Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:Being asleep at the time of a residential fire increases fire-related fatality risk. This study tested whether children awaken from slow wave sleep and perform an escape procedure better to a voice smoke alarm that uses their mother's voice compared with a female stranger's voice or a low-frequency tone alarm. METHODS:Using a randomized, nonblinded, repeated measures design, 176 children 5 to 12 years old were exposed during stage 4 slow wave sleep to 4 smoke alarm signals: 1) the voice of the child's mother, 2) the voice of a female stranger, 3) low-frequency 500 Hz square wave tone, and 4) conventional residential high-frequency tone. The alarms were assessed regarding their ability to awaken the children and prompt their performance of an escape procedure. RESULTS:Among the 176 subjects, 78.4%, 83.0%, 88.1%, and 49.4% awakened and 78.4%, 81.3%, 85.8%, and 48.3% successfully performed the escape procedure within 5 minutes of alarm onset in response to the mother's voice, stranger's voice, low-frequency tone, and high-frequency tone alarms, respectively; while the median time-to-escape was 23.0, 24.0, 41.5, and >300 seconds for these 4 alarms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The 2 voice alarms and low-frequency tone alarm significantly outperformed the high-frequency tone alarm, with the low-frequency tone alarm and female stranger's voice alarm performing best. Compared with the voice of a female stranger, personalizing the alarm message with the voice of the child's mother did not increase alarm effectiveness. These findings provide important information for development of an effective and practical smoke alarm for children.
journal_name
Acad Pediatrjournal_title
Academic pediatricsauthors
Smith GA,Chounthirath T,Splaingard Mdoi
10.1016/j.acap.2019.06.016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-01 00:00:00pages
319-326issue
3eissn
1876-2859issn
1876-2867pii
S1876-2859(19)30328-6journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To prevent iron deficiency, 2014 Canadian recommendations for healthy term infants from 6 to 24 months recommend iron-rich complementary foods such as meat and meat alternatives 2 or more times a day. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between meat and meat-alternative consumption and ir...
journal_title:Academic pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between chronic school absenteeism and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among school-age children. METHODS:We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health including children 6 to 17 years old. The primary outcome variable was ch...
journal_title:Academic pediatrics
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acap.2013.01.007
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
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doi:10.1016/j.acap.2019.11.004
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
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更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
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更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acap.2010.06.004
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
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更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.acap.2016.01.013
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acap.2016.10.001
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
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更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acap.2020.05.016
更新日期:2020-05-31 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
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doi:10.1016/j.acap.2019.07.001
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1016/j.acap.2017.08.013
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
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更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
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更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
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doi:10.1016/j.acap.2020.08.003
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acap.2016.03.003
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-09-03 00:00:00
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更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Academic pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acap.2016.11.014
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00