Abstract：
:During foraging, bees are exposed to sublethal doses of insecticides, which can cause morphological changes to various organs, such as the midgut, Malpighian tubules, and mushroon body. Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish a scoring system to evaluate these alterations based on the damage caused and its reversibility. Therefore, a grade 1 score indicates a minimal and easily reversible lesion, increased apocrine secretion, increased cell elimination into the lumen, and a larger quantity of spherocrystals; grade 2 was assigned to moderate and typically reversible injuries, such as changes in the brush border, vacuolation/loss of cytoplasmic material, presence/height of the brush border, and cell swelling; and grade 3 was assigned to serious and irreversible, loss of cell nests of regenerative cells, pyknosis, and loss of contact between Kenyon cells. In addition, frequency values were assigned since the alterations can occur at different frequencies according to the insecticide and the bees exposed; the frequency ranges from 0 to 6, with 0 representing the absence of an alteration and 6 representing a high-frequency occurrence. Based on the analyses, we conclude that each change causes morphological damage, which may or may not be irreversible and could affect the health of the colony.
journal_name
Chemospherejournal_title
Chemosphereauthors
Grella TC,Soares-Lima HM,Malaspina O,Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli Rdoi
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.225subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-01 00:00:00pages
124255eissn
0045-6535issn
1879-1298pii
S0045-6535(19)31466-3journal_volume
236pub_type
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