Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Evidence indicates that air pollution contributes to cardiopulmonary mortality. There is ongoing debate regarding the size and shape of the pollution–mortality exposure–response relationship. There are also growing appeals for estimates of pollution–mortality relationships that use public data and are based on large, representative study cohorts. OBJECTIVES:Our goal was to evaluate fine particulate matter air pollution ([Formula: see text]) and mortality using a large cohort that is representative of the U.S. population and is based on public data. Additional objectives included exploring model sensitivity, evaluating relative effects across selected subgroups, and assessing the shape of the [Formula: see text]–mortality relationship. METHODS:National Health Interview Surveys (1986–2014), with mortality linkage through 2015, were used to create a cohort of 1,599,329 U.S. adults and a subcohort with information on smoking and body mass index (BMI) of 635,539 adults. Data were linked with modeled ambient [Formula: see text] at the census-tract level. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate [Formula: see text]–mortality hazard ratios for all-cause and specific causes of death while controlling for individual risk factors and regional and urban versus rural differences. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted and the shape of the [Formula: see text]–mortality relationship was explored. RESULTS:Estimated mortality hazard ratios, per [Formula: see text] long-term exposure to [Formula: see text], were 1.12 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.15) for all-cause mortality, 1.23 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.29) for cardiopulmonary mortality, and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.26) for lung cancer mortality. In general, [Formula: see text]–mortality associations were consistently positive for all-cause and cardiopulmonary mortality across key modeling choices and across subgroups of sex, age, race-ethnicity, income, education levels, and geographic regions. DISCUSSION:This large, nationwide, representative cohort of U.S. adults provides robust evidence that long-term [Formula: see text] exposure contributes to cardiopulmonary mortality risk. The ubiquitous and involuntary nature of exposures and the broadly observed effects across subpopulations underscore the public health importance of breathing clean air. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4438.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Pope CA 3rd,Lefler JS,Ezzati M,Higbee JD,Marshall JD,Kim SY,Bechle M,Gilliat KS,Vernon SE,Robinson AL,Burnett RTdoi
10.1289/EHP4438subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-01 00:00:00pages
77007issue
7eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
127pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic compounds that are widely used in industry and are often detectable in humans. In pregnant rats and their pups, PFASs can interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis. In humans, maternal thyroid hormones supply the fetus throughout pregnancy, and thyroid hormone...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1306925
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or liver cancer, is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with prevalence 16-32 times higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Aflatoxin, a contaminant produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in maize and nuts, is a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901388
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or methylmercury (MeHg) can result in a variety of neurotoxic effects, including long-term auditory deficits. However, little is known about the effects of combined exposure to PCBs and MeHg on auditory function. OBJECTIVE:We developmentally exposed...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800428
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although para-nonylphenol (NP) is known as an endocrine disruptor, the immunologic effect of NP has been poorly analyzed. We found that NP from 5 to 50 microM caused a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human blood neutrophils, which was measured by using a chemilum...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6584
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Present available information regarding ovarian tumors in hens is incomplete in most aspects, and this lack of knowledge hampers use of hens as models for study of ovarian cancer. A study of 466 hens ranging from 2 to 7 years of age and covering a period of more than 3 years has provided much needed information relati...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.877335
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of experiments is described in which operant methodology is used to study the effects of drugs on "learning." Emphasis is placed on the technique of repeated acquisition as a behavioral baseline for studying this type of transition state. In this technique, each subject is required to learn a new discriminati...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.782677
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We include in this review an assessment of the formation, environmental fate, and mammalian and ecotoxicity of CW agent degradation products relevant to environmental and occupational health. These parent CW agents include several vesicants: sulfur mustards [undistilled sulfur mustard (H), sulfur mustard (HD), and an ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107933
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlorination has been the major strategy for disinfection of drinking water in the United States. Concern about the potential health effects of the reaction by-products of chlorine has prompted use of alternative strategies. One such method is chloramination, a treatment process that does not appear to have carcinogen...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8669275
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the study was to determine whether the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) associated with drinking water disinfection by-products was modified in the presence of variants in genes involved in the metabolism of trihalomethanes (THMs). We included a subset of cases from a population-base...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110591
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic scleroderma are autoimmune diseases thought to have an exogenous trigger. This review summarizes relevant case-control and cohort studies that investigated exogenous sex hormones, silica, silicone, solvents, pesticides, mercuric chloride, and hair dyes as putative risk factors...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s5743
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:There are some common occupational agents and exposure circumstances for which evidence of carcinogenicity is substantial but not yet conclusive for humans. Our objectives were to identify research gaps and needs for 20 agents prioritized for review based on evidence of widespread human exposures and potenti...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901828
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asbestos and silica are well-known fibrogenic dusts. However, there is no comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular events that lead to fibrosis as a consequence of asbestos or silica inhalation. Previous studies have shown that asbestos stimulates superoxide anion production in alveolar macrophages th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s1069
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The etiologies of the male urogenital anomalies hypospadias and cryptorchidism remain unclear. It has been suggested that maternal diet and environmental contaminants may affect the risk of these anomalies via placental or hormonal disturbances. OBJECTIVES:We examined associations between organic food consu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1409518
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methyl parathion (MP), an organophosphate pesticide licensed only for agricultural uses, was sprayed illegally for pest control in Mississippi and Ohio residences. To evaluate the association between MP exposure and neurobehavioral development, we assessed children 6 years or younger at the time of the spraying and lo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6430
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Genetics may partially explain observed heterogeneity in associations between traffic-related air pollution and incident asthma. OBJECTIVE:Our aim was to investigate the impact of gene variants associated with oxidative stress and inflammation on associations between air pollution and incident childhood ast...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307459
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present evidence that the El Niño phenomenon intensifies the annual cycle of malaria cases for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in endemic areas of Colombia as a consequence of concomitant anomalies in the normal annual cycle of temperature and precipitation. We used simultaneous analyses of both variable...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109489
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:World Trade Center (WTC) rescue and recovery workers were exposed to a complex mix of pollutants and carcinogens. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate cancer incidence in responders during the first 7 years after 11 September 2001. METHODS:Cancers among 20,984 consented participants ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1205894
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we investigated the potential impact of climate change in Portugal on heat-related mortality, air pollution-related health effects, and selected vectorborne diseases. The assessment used climate scenarios from two regional climate models for a range of future time periods. The annual heat-related death r...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8431
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of inhaled mineral fibers in the lung determines the site and severity of disease caused by the fibers. Some of our recent work has described the fate of inhaled asbestos fibers in rodents. After a brief inhalation exposure, asbestos fibers are deposited primarily at the first alveolar duct bifurcatio...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s5197
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous literature suggests that higher ambient temperature may play a role in increasing the risk of suicide. However, no multi-country study has explored the shape of the association and the role of moderate and extreme heat across different locations. OBJECTIVES:We examined the short-term temperature-su...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP4898
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The consideration of ethical issues relating to pediatric environmental health is a recent phenomenon. Discussions of biomedical ethics, research on children, and environmental health research have a longer history. In the late 1990s, researchers at the Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, undertook a stu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9000
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the investigation is to study whether an increased mortality from certain causes exists in an area around the Rönnskärsverken smelter works in northern Sweden. Founded in 1928, this metallurgical plant processing mainly nonferrous metals has since its initial operations been using ore with a high arseni...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7719133
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a condition in which persons experience negative health effects in multiple organ systems from exposure to low levels of common chemicals. Although symptoms experienced from particular chemicals vary across persons, they are generally stable within persons. The sensitivities ofte...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5936
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous fetal death has been observed among various mammalian species after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Our exposure-based cohort study assessed the relationship between consumption of PCB-contaminated Lake Ontario sport fish and spontaneous fetal death using 1820 multigravid fertile women from t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103498
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::mental retardation: timing and thresholds; (italic)b(/italic)) endocrine dysfunction and developmental disabilities: dose and target implications; (italic)c(/italic)) attention-deficit disorder-ADHD and learning disabilities; and (italic)d(/italic)) new horizons: extending the boundaries. Support for the Rochester con...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s3373
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian respiratory tract is densely innervated by autonomic and sensory nerves around airways and blood vessels. Subsets of these nerves contain a number of putative neurotransmitter peptides, such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in sensory nerves and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.85-1568331
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001 in New York City resulted in the massive release of pulverized dust and combustion products. The dust and smoke settled in the surrounding area, which encompassed a large residential community. We hypothesized that previously normal residents in the ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7375
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the possibility that increases in UV-B exposure on the earth's surface could lead to impaired resistance to several infectious diseases, we studied the effect of UV-B exposure on resistance against Trichinella spiralis. Wistar rats, orally infected with T. spiralis larvae, were exposed to suberythemal doses ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102298
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pesticides have been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), but there are few data on important exposure characteristics such as dose-effect relations. It is unknown whether associations depend on clinical PD subtypes. OBJECTIVES:We examined quantitative aspects of occupational pesticide exposure associa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307970
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population monitoring using methods of molecular epidemiology combined with reliable data on exposure is an extremely powerful approach to determine the effect of mutagens on human populations. Although human blood and urine have traditionally been used for biomonitoring, an increase in the use of placental and buccal...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.104-1469653
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00