Abstract:
Background:Flaviviridae viruses are single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses, which threat human constantly mediated by mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies. Considering the recent increase in the prevalence of the family virus and its risk potential, we investigated the codon usage pattern to understand its evolutionary processes and provide some useful data to develop the medications for most of Flaviviridae viruses. Results:The overall extent of codon usage bias in 65 Flaviviridae viruses is low with the average value of GC contents being 50.5% and the highest value being 55.9%; the lowest value is 40.2%. ENC values of Flaviviridae virus genes vary from 48.75 to 57.83 with a mean value of 55.56. U- and A-ended codons are preferred in the Flaviviridae virus. Correlation analysis shows that the positive correlation between ENC value and GC content at the third nucleotide positions was significant in this family virus. The result of analysis of ENC, neutrality plot analysis, and correlation analysis revealed that codon usage bias of all the viruses was affected mainly by natural selection. Meanwhile, according to correspondence analysis (CoA) based on RSCU and phylogenetic analysis, the Flaviviridae viruses mainly are made up of two groups, Group I (Yellow fever virus, Apoi virus, Tembusu virus, Dengue virus 1, and others) and Group II (West Nile virus lineage 2, Japanese encephalitis virus, Usutu virus, Kedougou virus, and others). Conclusions:All in, the bias of codon usage pattern is affected not only by compositional constraints but also by natural selection. Phylogenetic analysis also illustrates that codon usage bias of virus can serve as an effective means of evolutionary classification in Flaviviridae virus.
journal_name
Biomed Res Intjournal_title
BioMed research internationalauthors
Yao H,Chen M,Tang Zdoi
10.1155/2019/5857285subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-06-27 00:00:00pages
5857285eissn
2314-6133issn
2314-6141journal_volume
2019pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Pathological studies have shown an association between psoriasis and renal injury (RI), but the mechanism between RI and psoriasis was still unclear. This paper was designed to investigate the relationship and mechanism between psoriasis-like inflammation and renal injury in BALB/C mice. Mice were topically smeared im...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/3535264
更新日期:2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:Introduction:Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been repeatedly reported as a significant prognostic factor in advanced cancer patients. We explored whether changes in NLR may predict outcome of advanced cancer patients enrolled into phase 1 trials and treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Patients and Me...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2017/1506824
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heavy metals have the potential to interact and induce several stress responses in the plants; thus, effects of heavy metal stress on DNA damages and total antioxidants level in Urtica dioica leaves and stems were investigated. The samples are sampled from areas with different metal exposition. Metal content was analy...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2013/276417
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate whether osteopontin (OPN) variants are associated with susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in a Chinese population. Polymorphisms at the 9175th position in exon 7 of OPN and rs17524488 were genotyped using direct sequencing in 186 unrelated AS patients and 188 ethnica...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2018/3458439
更新日期:2018-01-18 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The distinction between right-sided and left-sided colon adenocarcinoma has recently received considerable. This study aims to identify key MicroRNA (miRNA) and mRNAs in right-sided colon adenocarcinoma (RSCOAD) and left-sided colon adenocarcinoma (LSCOAD) by TCGA integration analysis. Methods:The miRNA and...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/7149296
更新日期:2019-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal condition primarily characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons. At present, the diagnosis and monitoring of ALS is based on clinical examination, electrophysiological findings, medical history, and exclusion of confounding disorders. There is the...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2014/525097
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of the normal function and pathology of the inner ear has unique difficulties as it is inaccessible during life and, so, conventional techniques of pathologic studies such as biopsy and surgical excision are not feasible, without further impairing function. Mathematical modelling is therefore particularly at...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2014/485783
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In spite of the declining incidence of gastric cancer (GC) in recent years, the mortality rate is still high. The asymptomatic nature and nonspecific clinical manifestations combined with the lack of efficient screening programs delay the diagnosis of GC. Therefore, the prevalence of advanced gastric cancer (AGC) has ...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2016/3923585
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of and a leading cause of death due to Plasmodium falciparum infection. CM is likely the result of interrelated events, including mechanical obstruction due to parasite sequestration in the microvasculature, and upregulation of Th1 immune responses. In parallel, blood-bra...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2014/292471
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::L-amino acid oxidases are enzymes found in several organisms, including venoms of snakes, where they contribute to the toxicity of ophidian envenomation. Their toxicity is primarily due to enzymatic activity, but other mechanisms have been proposed recently which require further investigation. L-amino acid oxidases ex...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2014/196754
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective. Duodenal atresia (DA) routinely has been corrected by laparotomy and duodenoduodenostomy with excellent long-term results. We revisited the patients with DA treated in the last 12 years (2004-2016) comparing the open and the minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approach. Methods. We divided our cohort of patie...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2017/4585360
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), which has biomechanical performance similar to that of human cancellous bone, is used widely as a spinal implant material. However, its bioinertness and hydrophobic surface properties result in poor osseointegration. This study applies a novel modification method, arc ion plating (AIP), th...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/328943
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) features chronic inflammatory reactions of both intra- and extrapulmonary nature. Moreover, COPD is associated with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in patients, which influences the prognosis and chronicity of this disease. Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism are al...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2020/4574509
更新日期:2020-04-06 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage macromolecules and cellular components in nearly all kinds of cells and often generate toxic intracellular byproducts. In this work, aldehyde generation derived from the Escherichia coli membrane oxidation as well as membrane fatty acid profiles, protein oxidation, and bacterial re...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2013/563756
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To investigate the pachymetry distribution of central cornea and morphologic changes in subclinical keratoconus with normal biomechanics and determine their potential benefit for the screening of very early keratoconus. Methods:This retrospective comparative study was performed in 33 clinically unaffected eyes...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/1748579
更新日期:2019-11-19 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Clinical trials based on FGFR mutation or amplification as a druggable target of FGFR inhibitors have produced disappointing clinical outcomes. Therefore, the identification of predictive biomarkers for FGFR-targeted agents has remained a crucial issue. Methods:Expression profiles of FGFs and FGFRs in 8,111...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/5658904
更新日期:2020-06-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of self-adhesive resin (SA) cement on leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic using silane or universal adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Ceramic blocks were etched with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid and divided into three groups (n = 16): (1) negative control (NC) without tre...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/361893
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) has become an important noninvasive imaging modality in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). CCTA enables accurate evaluation of coronary artery stenosis. However, CCTA provides limited information on the physiological significance of stenotic lesions. A noninvasive "one-stop-...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2015/435737
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), one kind of intestinal chronic inflammatory disease, is characterized by colonic epithelial barrier injury, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, and fewer short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present study is aimed at testing the hypothesis that resistant maltodextrin (RM), a ...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/7694734
更新日期:2020-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of polishing methods on the bonding effectiveness and durability of different resin cements to dentin. The dentin surfaces were either treated with a fine-grit diamond bur (polishing A) or further polished by polishing disks (polishing B), and then they were bond...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2018/9189354
更新日期:2018-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to determine if the Ki-67 labelling index reflects invasiveness of pituitary adenoma and to evaluate IL-17A concentration in blood serum of pituitary adenoma patients. The study was conducted in the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. All pituitary adenomas were analy...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2018/7490585
更新日期:2018-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the role of Cystatin C (Cys-C) in tumorigenesis and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), we retrospectively collected the clinical information from the records of 492 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 48 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and 173 PCa patients, whose disease was newly diagnosed a...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2017/7450459
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered to be the predominant cause of death in the world. Chinese herb medicines (CHMs) have been widely used for the treatment of CVDs in Asian countries for thousands of years. One reason of high efficacy of CHMs in treating CVDs is attributed to their inhibition in atheroscler...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2018/5392375
更新日期:2018-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is a common complication for radiotherapy of esophageal cancer and is associated with the low dose irradiated lung volume. This study aims to reduce the mean lung dose (MLD) and the relative lung volume at 20 Gy (V 20) and at low dose region using various designs of the fan-shaped complete b...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/959504
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to engineered nanoparticles (NPs) and to ambient particles (PM) has increased significantly. During the last decades the application of nano-objects to daily-life goods and the emissions produced in highly urbanized cities have considerably augmented. As a consequence, the understanding of the possible effect...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2013/801214
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uterine fibroids (UFs) are benign tumors of the reproductive tract, arising from smooth muscle cells of the uterus. Steroid hormones, estrogen, and progesterone are considered to be the most important links in the pathophysiology of UFs. Alpha-tocopherol (AT) is the most active form of vitamin E. What is important as ...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2018/6793726
更新日期:2018-07-24 00:00:00
abstract::Schistosomiasis is one of the world's major public health problems. Praziquantel is currently the only effective drug against schistosomiasis. As resistance of praziquantel has emerged in some endemic areas, development of new antischistosomal agents should be a high priority. In this study, a phage display peptide li...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2018/9483928
更新日期:2018-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::Virulence-associated traits have frequently been studied in enterococci and are considered to contribute towards the pathogenicity of infections. In the present study, Enterococcus isolates were collected during diagnostic investigations from meat turkeys in Germany. Twenty-eight isolates of three different Enterococc...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/6147695
更新日期:2019-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Amylase is an industrially important enzyme and applied in many industrial processes such as saccharification of starchy materials, food, pharmaceutical, detergent, and textile industries. This research work deals with the optimization of fermentation conditions for α-amylase production from thermophilic bacterial str...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2017/9173040
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although multimodal therapies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have improved clinical outcomes of patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas, the prognosis of patients has plateaued over these 20 years. Immunotherapies have shown the effectiveness for several types of advanced tumors. Immunotherapies...
journal_title:BioMed research international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2015/820813
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00