The levels problem in psychopathology.

abstract：BACKGROUND:There is evidence of executive function impairment in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) that potentially contributes to symptom development and maintenance. Nevertheless, the precise nature of these executive impairments and their neural basis remains to be defined. METHOD:We compared stopping and shiftin...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Morein-Zamir S,Voon V,Dodds CM,Sule A,van Niekerk J,Sahakian BJ,Robbins TW

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The attenuated positive symptoms syndrome (APSS) is considered an at-risk indicator for psychosis. However, the characteristics and developmental aspects of the combined or enriched risk criteria of APSS and basic symptom (BS) criteria, including self-experienced cognitive disturbances (COGDIS) remain under-...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Gerstenberg M,Theodoridou A,Traber-Walker N,Franscini M,Wotruba D,Metzler S,Müller M,Dvorsky D,Correll CU,Walitza S,Rössler W,Heekeren K

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In schizophrenia, affective disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) dysfunction of frontal neuronal circuits has been suggested. Such impairments imply corresponding oculomotor deficits. METHOD:Eye movement response to foveofugal and foveopetal step-ramp stimuli was recorded within the same study...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Lencer R,Trillenberg P,Trillenberg-Krecker K,Junghanns K,Kordon A,Broocks A,Hohagen F,Heide W,Arolt V

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a highly structured diagnostic interview in relation to a semi-structured diagnostic procedure. We compared the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF) in diagnosing major depressive episode (MDE) to consensus...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Aalto-Setälä T,Haarasilta L,Marttunen M,Tuulio-Henriksson A,Poikolainen K,Aro H,Lönnqvist J

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal experimental studies suggest that 5-HT4 receptor activation holds promise as a novel target for the treatment of depression and cognitive impairment. 5-HT4 receptors are post-synaptic receptors that are located in striatal and limbic areas known to be involved in cognition and mood. Consistent with this, 5-HT4 ...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Murphy SE,de Cates AN,Gillespie AL,Godlewska BR,Scaife JC,Wright LC,Cowen PJ,Harmer CJ

更新日期：2020-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in a minority of traumatized individuals. Attention biases to threat and abnormalities in fear learning and extinction are processes likely to play a critical role in the creation and/or maintenance of PTSD symptomatology. However, the relationship between these...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Fani N,Tone EB,Phifer J,Norrholm SD,Bradley B,Ressler KJ,Kamkwalala A,Jovanovic T

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Suicide is a leading cause of death and has been strongly associated with affective disorders. The influence of affective disorder polarity on subsequent suicide attempts or completions and any differential effect of suicide risk factors by polarity were assessed in a prospective cohort. METHOD:Participants...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Fiedorowicz JG,Leon AC,Keller MB,Solomon DA,Rice JP,Coryell WH

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Substantial variability in age at onset of illness and course of illness exists between patients with schizophrenia. Recent studies suggest that age at illness onset may be useful in defining biologically and clinically distinct subgroups of patients. METHODS:Two hundred and ten males with schizophrenia wer...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Smith GN,Kopala LC,Lapointe JS,MacEwan GW,Altman S,Flynn SW,Schneider T,Falkai P,Honer WG

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Morphometric endophenotypes which have been proposed for psychotic disorders include lateral ventricular enlargement and hippocampal volume reductions. Genetic epidemiological studies support an overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and COMT, BDNF, 5-HTT, NRG1 and DTNBP1 genes have been implica...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Dutt A,McDonald C,Dempster E,Prata D,Shaikh M,Williams I,Schulze K,Marshall N,Walshe M,Allin M,Collier D,Murray R,Bramon E

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients suffering from manic-depressive psychosis, manic type (ICD 296.0), were treated with lithium carbonate and randomly allocated to two groups, one received digoxin and the other matching placebo for 7 days. Severity of mania was rated by psychiatrists on the Manic Rating Scale and Analogue Line on days 0 and 7 ...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Chambers CA,Smith AH,Naylor GJ

更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The World Mental Health Survey Initiative (WMHSI) has advanced our understanding of mental disorders by providing data suitable for analysis across many countries. However, these data have not yet been fully explored from a cross-national lifespan perspective. In particular, there is a shortage of research o...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： McDowell RD,Ryan A,Bunting BP,O'Neill SM,Alonso J,Bruffaerts R,de Graaf R,Florescu S,Vilagut G,de Almeida JM,de Girolamo G,Haro JM,Hinkov H,Kovess-Masfety V,Matschinger H,Tomov T

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The CAMCOG, the cognitive section of the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX), was administered twice to 53 patients with a clinical diagnosis ranging from no dementia to severe dementia. The stability of the total CAMCOG score was high (0.97). Patients with less than moderate dementia we...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Lindeboom J,Ter Horst R,Hooyer C,Dinkgreve M,Jonker C

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cognitive remediation (CR) is an effective treatment for several psychiatric disorders. To date, there have been no published studies examining solely first-episode psychiatric cohorts, despite the merits demonstrated by early intervention CR studies. The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of CR...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Lee RS,Redoblado-Hodge MA,Naismith SL,Hermens DF,Porter MA,Hickie IB

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Delusional disorder (DD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been investigated in previous studies using probabilistic reasoning paradigms and abnormalities in each group have been reported. No study to date has compared results between these groups. This study compares patients with these disorders...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Fear CF,Healy D

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although hallucinations have been studied in terms of prevalence and its associations with psychopathology and functional impairment, very little is known about sensory modalities other than auditory (i.e. haptic, visual and olfactory), as well the incidence of hallucinations, factors predicting incidence an...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Moriyama TS,Drukker M,Guloksuz S,Ten Have M,de Graaf R,van Dorsselaer S,Gunther N,Bak M,van Os J

更新日期：2020-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum total androgens were estimated by radioimmunoassay on blood samples of treatment-seeking homosexuals and heterosexual controls. There was no significant difference in androgen levels between the homosexual and control group, nor was there any relationship between androgen levels and response to treatment. These ...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： James S,Carter RA,Orwin A

更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known about how continuation and maintenance cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) influences important psychological constructs that may be associated with long-term outcome of major depressive disorder. The goal of this study was to examine whether CBT would help maintain attributional style change...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Petersen T,Harley R,Papakostas GI,Montoya HD,Fava M,Alpert JE

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is overrepresented in prison, making it imperative to identify a screening tool that can be quickly applied to efficiently detect the disorder. We explored the discrimination ability of a widely used ADHD screen, the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale (BAARS-IV), ...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Young S,González RA,Mutch L,Mallet-Lambert I,O'Rourke L,Hickey N,Asherson P,Gudjonsson GH

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The salience of a visual stimulus is often reduced by nearby stimuli, an effect known as surround suppression of perceived contrast, which may help in locating the borders of an object. Weaker surround suppression has been observed in schizophrenia but it is unclear whether this abnormality is present in oth...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Schallmo MP,Sponheim SR,Olman CA

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The Met allele of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) valine-to-methionine (Val158Met) polymorphism is known to affect dopamine-dependent affective regulation within amygdala-prefrontal cortical (PFC) networks. It is also thought to increase the risk of a number of disorders characterized by affective mo...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Lelli-Chiesa G,Kempton MJ,Jogia J,Tatarelli R,Girardi P,Powell J,Collier DA,Frangou S

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Psychiatric epidemiology has advanced considerably since early studies of hospital populations. The direction of this advance has been away from the study of populations of hospital psychiatric patients towards the study of psychiatric disorder in general practice and the community as a whole. Just as the populations ...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Williams P,Tarnopolsky A,Hand D

更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic fatigue is a common condition, frequently presenting in primary care. The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET), and to compare therapy with usual care plus a self-help booklet (BUC). METHOD:Patients drawn fro...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： McCrone P,Ridsdale L,Darbishire L,Seed P

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Several studies have reported smaller hippocampal volume (HcV) in depression patients; however, the temporality of the association remains unknown. One proposed hypothesis is that depression may cause HcV loss. This study evaluates whether previous depression and recent depressive symptoms are associated wit...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Elbejjani M,Fuhrer R,Abrahamowicz M,Mazoyer B,Crivello F,Tzourio C,Dufouil C

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Awareness of pulse rate was tested in 60 psychiatric out-patients with anxiety, phobic or hypochondriacal neuroses by asking them to record how fast their hearts were beating during exposure to short film sequences. Correlations between subjective and objective heart rate (ECG) were significantly higher in anxious and...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Tyrer P,Lee I,Alexander J

更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent research on unemployment and health has depended heavily on macro-social and ecological data analyses. In order to redress this imbalance, the report summarizes the methods and results of a prospective study of a permanent factory shutdown, thereby illustrating and dissecting some of the strengths and weaknesse...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Kasl SV

更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Psychological traumatic events, such as war or road traffic accidents, are widespread. A small but significant proportion of survivors develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Distressing, sensory-based involuntary memories of trauma (henceforth 'flashbacks') are the hallmark symptom of PTSD. Understan...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Bourne C,Mackay CE,Holmes EA

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Several conceptual models have been considered for the assessment of personality pathology in DSM-5. This study sought to extend our previous findings to compare the long-term predictive validity of three such models: the five-factor model (FFM), the schedule for nonadaptive and adaptive personality (SNAP), ...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Morey LC,Hopwood CJ,Markowitz JC,Gunderson JG,Grilo CM,McGlashan TH,Shea MT,Yen S,Sanislow CA,Ansell EB,Skodol AE

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two severe eating disorders associated with high premature mortality, suicidal risk and serious medical complications. Transition between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa over the illness course and familial co-aggregation of the two eating disorders imply aetiolo...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Yao S,Larsson H,Norring C,Birgegård A,Lichtenstein P,DʼOnofrio BM,Almqvist C,Thornton LM,Bulik CM,Kuja-Halkola R

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex disorder characterized by a range of behavioral and cognitive symptoms as well as structural and functional alterations in multiple cortical and subcortical structures. SZ is associated with reduced functional network connectivity involving core regions such as the anterior ci...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Csukly G,Szabó Á,Polgár P,Farkas K,Gyebnár G,Kozák LR,Stefanics G

更新日期：2020-04-24 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Based on the developing clinical and legal literature, and using the framework adopted in draft legislation, capacity to make a valid decision about a clinically required blood test was investigated in three groups of people with a 'mental disability' (i.e. mental illness (chronic schizophrenia), 'learning d...

journal_title：Psychological medicine

authors： Wong JG,Clare CH,Holland AJ,Watson PC,Gunn M

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00