Abstract:
:Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licenced tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, but has limited efficacy against pulmonary TB disease development and modest protection against extrapulmonary TB. Preventative antibiotic treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections in high-prevalence settings is unfeasible due to unclear treatment durability, drug toxicity, logistical constraints related to directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS) and the lengthy treatment protocols. Together, these factors promote non-adherence, contributing to relapse and establishment of drug-resistant Mtb strains. Although antibiotic treatment of drug-susceptible Mtb is generally effective, drug-resistant TB has a treatment efficacy below 50% and can, in a proportion, develop into progressive, untreatable disease. Other immune compromising co-infections and/or co-morbidities require more complex prevention/treatment approaches, posing huge financial burdens to national health services. Novel TB treatment strategies, such as host-directed therapeutics, are required to complement pathogen-targeted approaches. Pre-clinical studies have highlighted promising candidates that enhance endogenous pathways and/or limit destructive host responses. This review discusses promising pre-clinical candidates and forerunning compounds at advanced stages of clinical investigation in TB host-directed therapeutic (HDT) efficacy trials. Such approaches are rationalized to improve outcome in TB and shorten treatment strategies.
journal_name
Mucosal Immunoljournal_title
Mucosal immunologyauthors
Young C,Walzl G,Du Plessis Ndoi
10.1038/s41385-019-0226-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-03-01 00:00:00pages
190-204issue
2eissn
1933-0219issn
1935-3456pii
10.1038/s41385-019-0226-5journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)2 is a member of the NOD-like receptor family of proteins that initiate inflammatory responses when exposed to ligands derived from bacterial components that gain access to the intracellular milieu. It is thus somewhat paradoxical that polymorphisms in the gene that encode NOD2 (...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/mi.2008.42
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms underlying the massive gastrointestinal tract CD4 T-cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are not well understood nor is it clear whether similar depletion is manifest at other mucosal surfaces. Studies of T-cell and virus dynamics in different anatomical sites have begun to ill...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2007.5
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular mechanisms regulating transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) induction of Foxp3 (forkhead box P3) expression and thus induction of induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been the focus of a great deal of study in recent years. It has become clear that this process is influenced by a number of factors as...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/mi.2010.7
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beryllium exposure results in beryllium hypersensitivity in a subset of exposed individuals, leading to granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis in the lung. In addition to its antigenic properties, beryllium has potent adjuvant activity that contributes to sensitization via unknown pathways. Here we show that berylliu...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2015.14
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Celiac disease is caused by inflammatory T-cell responses against the insoluble dietary protein gliadin. We have shown that, in humanized mice, oral tolerance to deamidated chymotrypsin-digested gliadin (CT-TG2-gliadin) is driven by tolerogenic interferon (IFN)-γ- and interleukin (IL)-10-secreting type 1 regulatory T-...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2016.76
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccine-mediated prevention of primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may require the sustained production of antibody at mucosal portals of entry. Here, we describe a novel approach of repeated mucosal immunization by delivering an HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp) in a gel formulated for intravagin...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2009.110
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) triggers the migration of granulocytes and activated T cells; however, its role in B-cell function remains unclear. Here we report that BLT1 is required to induce the production of antigen-specific IgA against oral vaccine through mediating innate immune signals from commensal bacteria...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0175-z
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Induction of mucosal immunity is critical for protection from enteric pathogens. Heat shock protein gp96 is one of the primary peptide and protein chaperones located in the endoplasmic reticulum. We reported previously that a cell-secreted gp96-Ig fusion protein (gp96-Ig) mediated strong systemic, antigen-specific CD8...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2009.127
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tight connection between intestinal inflammation and arthritis in spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been studied extensively. Subclinical gut inflammation, which can be considered as a model for early Crohn's disease, was shown to be strongly associated with joint inflammation. Several early mucosal abnormalities were u...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/mi.2008.24
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas gut IgA responses to the microbiota may be multi-centered and diverse, little is known about IgA responses to T-cell-dependent antigens following oral immunizations. Using a novel approach, gut IgA responses to oral hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl-cholera toxin (NP-CT) conjugates were followed at the ce...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2012.56
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intestinal epithelial Na+/H+ exchange facilitated by the apical NHE3 (Slc9a3) is a highly regulated process inhibited by intestinal pathogens and in inflammatory bowel diseases. NHE3-/- mice develop spontaneous, bacterially mediated colitis, and IBD-like dysbiosis. Disruption of epithelial Na+/H+ exchange in IBD may t...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41385-018-0035-2
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial metabolites are an emerging class of mediators influencing CD4+ T-cell function. To advance the understanding of direct causal microbial factors contributing to Crohn's disease, we screened 139 predicted Crohn's disease-associated microbial metabolites for their bioactivity on human CD4+ T-cell functions ind...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41385-018-0022-7
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural and major ingredient of green tea, has been shown to have anti-inflammation and anti-HIV-1 properties. We demonstrated that the intrarectal administration of EGCG could protect rhesus macaques from repetitive, intrarectal challenges with low-dose SHIVSF162P3N. This protecti...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41385-018-0025-4
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eosinophils are granulocytes, typically implicated as end-stage effector cells in type-II immune responses. They are capable of producing a wide array of pre-formed molecules which render them with vast potential to influence a wide variety of processes. Nonetheless, eosinophil research has traditionally focused on th...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41385-020-0281-y
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Association mapping and candidate gene studies within inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) linkage regions, as well as genome-wide association studies in Crohn's disease (CD) have led to the discovery of multiple risk genes, but these explain only a fraction of the genetic susceptibility observed in IBD. We have thus bee...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1038/mi.2007.15
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effector T-cell contraction is one of the primary means by which immune homeostasis in the peripheral tissues is reestablished following an inflammatory response. In this issue of Mucosal Immunology, Hashimoto-Hill et al.1 show that retinoic acid (RA) transcriptionally upregulates P2X7 primarily in effector T cells of...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2016.117
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection disrupts the intestinal immune system, leading to microbial translocation and systemic immune activation. We investigated the impact of HIV-1 infection on the intestinal microbiome and its association with mucosal T-cell and dendritic cell (DC) frequency and activation,...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2013.116
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of respiratory mucosal immunity by microbial-derived metabolites has been a proposed mechanism that may provide airway protection. Here we examine the effect of oral Lactobacillus johnsonii supplementation on metabolic and immune response dynamics during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. L. johns...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2017.13
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allergic diseases, which have reached epidemic proportions, are caused by inappropriate immune responses to a relatively small number of environmental proteins. The molecular basis for the propensity of specific proteins to promote maladaptive, allergic responses has been difficult to define. Recent data suggest that ...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/mi.2009.138
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of effective tuberculosis vaccines is hampered by insufficient understanding of protective immunity. Here, Woodworth et al.1 show secondary effector CD4 T cells generated after Mtb challenge of H56/CAF01 vaccinated mice display superior lung homing compared with primary effectors. Vaccination generates lar...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2016.110
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a granulomatous lung disorder that is associated with the accumulation of beryllium (Be)-specific CD4(+) T cells into the lung. Genetic susceptibility is linked to HLA-DPB1 alleles that possess a glutamic acid at position 69 (βGlu69), and HLA-DPB1*02:01 is the most prevalent βGlu69-c...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2015.54
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism regulating the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier remains poorly understood. We herein demonstrate that Absent in melanoma-2 (AIM2) contributes to the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity and defense against bacterial infection. AIM2-deficient mice displayed an increased susceptibility to mucosal...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2015.142
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent respiratory disease characterized by airflow limitation and chronic inflammation. MiR-155 is described as an ancient regulator of the immune system. Our objective was to establish a role for miR-155 in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced inflammation and COPD...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0241-6
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells play decisive roles in the regulation of resistance vs. susceptibility to pulmonary cryptococcosis. To study the function of interleukin (IL)-4 receptor (IL-4R) on Th cells in pulmonary cryptococcosis, we infected mice specifically lacking IL-4Rα on CD4(+) T cells (Lck(Cre)IL-4Rα(-/lox) mi...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2012.9
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is deposited into the alveolus where it first encounters the alveolar lining fluid (ALF) prior contacts host cells. We demonstrated that M.tb-exposure to human ALF alters its cell surface, driving better M.tb infection control by professional phagocytes. Contrary to these findings, ou...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0156-2
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The communities of bacteria that reside in the intestinal tract are in constant competition within this dynamic and densely colonized environment. At homeostasis, the equilibrium that exists between these species and strains is shaped by their metabolism and also by pathways of active antagonism, which drive competiti...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41385-018-0053-0
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::T helper type (Th17) cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-22 are important in maintaining mucosal barrier function and may be important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Here, we analyzed cells from the colon of IBD patients and show that Crohn's disease (CD) patients had significantl...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2013.31
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::IFN-γ is known as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, but can also block inflammation in certain chronic diseases although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We found that IFN-γ rapidly induced Noxa expression and that extent of inflammation by repeated house dust mite exposure was enhanced in noxa-/- compared ...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2017.117
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of topical antiretrovirals for pre-exposure prophylaxis on humoral responses following HIV infection is unknown. Using a binding antibody multiplex assay, we investigated HIV-specific IgG and IgA responses to envelope glycoproteins, p24 Gag and p66, in the genital tract (GT) and plasma following HIV acquisi...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1038/mi.2015.145
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic inflammatory disease of the esophagus featuring increased esophageal interleukin-13 (IL-13) levels and impaired barrier function. Herein, we investigated leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 31 (LRRC31) in human EoE esophageal tissue and IL-13-treated esophageal epitheli...
journal_title:Mucosal immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/mi.2015.98
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00