Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Heart transplant recipients are at high risk for mortality, with traditional risk scores performing modestly in predicting post-transplant survival, underscoring the importance of as yet unidentified factors in determining prognosis. In this analysis, the association between PM2.5 exposure levels and survival after heart transplantation were investigated. OBJECTIVES:This study sought to study the association between PM2.5 exposure and mortality following heart transplantation. METHODS:On the basis of the zip code of residence, mortality data in patients who underwent heart transplantation (2004 to 2015) in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database were linked with validated estimates of fine particulate matter concentrations (particles with diameter <2.5 μm [PM2.5]; 1 × 1-km grids) for each calendar year during which a UNOS cardiac transplant recipient was at risk for death. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the relationship between exposure and overall mortality adjusting for recipient, donor, and neighborhood variables. RESULTS:A total of 21,800 patients with 86,713 patient-years of follow-up was included. Mean age at transplantation was 52.6 ± 12.6 years, 75% were male, 69% were white, and 39% had ischemic etiology of heart failure. Mean annual exposure to PM2.5 was 10.6 ± 2.3 μg/m3. At a median follow-up of 4.8 (95% confidence interval: 2.0 to 7.8) years, 5,208 patients (23.9%) had died. The estimated mortality hazard ratio, per 10 μg/m3 increment increase in annual PM2.5 exposure was 1.43 (95% confidence interval: 1.21 to 1.49). After adjusting for 30 recipient, donor, and neighborhood variables, the estimated mortality hazard ratio per 10 μg/m3 increment in annual exposure to PM2.5 was 1.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.11 to 1.43) relative increase in hazard of mortality. This association was consistent across subgroups. CONCLUSIONS:This study provides evidence linking air pollution with mortality after heart transplantation. These results suggest an important influence of a key environmental factor in outcomes following heart transplantation, and supports the need for further studies in this population.
journal_name
J Am Coll Cardioljournal_title
Journal of the American College of Cardiologyauthors
Al-Kindi SG,Sarode A,Zullo M,Brook J,Burnett R,Oliveira GH,Huang W,Brook R,Rajagopalan Sdoi
10.1016/j.jacc.2019.09.066subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-17 00:00:00pages
3026-3035issue
24eissn
0735-1097issn
1558-3597pii
S0735-1097(19)38022-2journal_volume
74pub_type
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journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
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journal_title:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
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更新日期:2003-11-19 00:00:00