Abstract：
:Between January 1949 and June 1955 a clinical trial was held in which patients with operable breast carcinoma were subjected to a radical mastectomy and then randomised to either have immediate post-operative radiotherapy (radiated group) or delayed radiotherapy on recurrence (watched group). Data relating to the 1461 patients entered in the trial have been analysed to investigate the late effects of treatment, if any, over a period of 34 years. A logrank comparison of the survival patterns of the radiated and watched groups, considering all deaths, during the first 15 years of follow-up did not show any statistically significant difference (P = 0.37). However, after 15 years there was a significantly increased mortality in the radiated group (P = 0.0025). The relative risk after 15 years for the radiated group relative to the watched group was 1.43 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.13 to 1.81. Taking the series as a whole, this increased mortality was attributable to deaths from cardiovascular disease (excluding cerebrovascular disease). There was no evidence that the increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease was significantly different between patients who had a left- or right-sided tumour. There was also no significant difference between the watched and radiated group from mortality due to breast cancer or other malignancies. The data analysed here relate to patients treated 40 years ago. Neither the type of surgery nor the techniques and quality of radiation are used any longer. Furthermore, an artificial radiation menopause has also fallen into disuse. Data should be prospectively gathered from more recent trials, to see if there is any hazard in the very long term from present day methods of treatment. These should include patients treated by lesser forms of surgery, supervoltage therapy, adjuvant hormone and/or chemotherapy.
journal_name
Clin Radioljournal_title
Clinical radiologyauthors
Jones JM,Ribeiro GGdoi
10.1016/s0009-9260(89)80099-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-03-01 00:00:00pages
204-8issue
2eissn
0009-9260issn
1365-229Xpii
S0009-9260(89)80099-6journal_volume
40pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:The creation of an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt via a transjugular approach (TIPS) is an interventional radiological procedure used to treat the complications of portal hypertension. TIPS insertion is principally indicated to prevent or arrest variceal bleeding when medical or endoscopic treatments fail, and in th...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2008.09.017
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three cases of sacral arachnoid diverticula causing bony erosion are described. Two of these filled with contrast medium after the initial myelogram was completed, and were only apparent on delayed CT. ...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9260(88)80279-4
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Post-treatment imaging of the neck is complex. It is important to have an understanding of the expected treatment related appearances as well as the possible complications. Common findings after radiation therapy include generalised soft-tissue oedema and thickening of the skin and platysma muscle. There are a number ...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2020.06.011
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Solid-state, digital radiography (DR) detectors, designed specifically for standard projection radiography, emerged just before the turn of the millennium. This new generation of digital image detector comprises a thin layer of x-ray absorptive material combined with an electronic active matrix array fabricated in a t...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2007.10.014
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess the incidence, characteristics and prognostic significance of calcification within colorectal hepatic metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A retrospective analysis of CT in 265 patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer was performed. Four groups were defined: (a) calcification within liver met...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9260(98)80315-2
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abdominal fat distribution has been compared in 25 men and 25 women by computed tomography (CT) at the level of the umbilicus. Men have significantly more fat within the abdominal cavity. Women have similar total fat, but store a greater proportion of it in their subcutaneous tissues. For this reason, abdominal CT may...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9260(83)80303-1
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We reviewed our experience of the therapeutic role of radiology in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Patients with stenosis and/or occlusion of the main hepatic veins and/or inferior vena cava (IVC) are suitable for radiological intervention (35% in our series). Eighteen patients (mean age 37.4 years) have undergone radiological ...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9260(96)80005-5
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a flat or concave left mid-cardiac border (the region of the left atrial appendage) on conventional postero-anterior chest radiographs as a predictor of the presence of thrombi in the left atrium or its appendage in 80 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis who subsequently...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9260(05)80543-4
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of pancreatic masses that traverses the gastrointestinal tract or solid viscera. MATERIALS AND METHODS:From January 2002 to December 2012, 144 patients underwent 165 CT-guided biopsies of pancre...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2014.05.111
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary, hypothalamus and olfactory sulci was performed in 40 patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). Twelve of these patients had an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann's syndrome). Sagittal and coronal imaging revealed no morphological abnormalities in th...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9260(05)81085-2
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To compare T1-weighted magnetization transfer (MT) with fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging for evaluating conspicuity and number of lesions in individuals with brain tuberculoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In all 28 patients with brain tuberculoma underwent MR examination using fast spin-echo (FSE) T2,...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2004.09.016
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The need for intravenous urography (IVU) in upper tract surveillance for primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is contentious. We reviewed our intensive screening policy in the follow-up of these patients to ascertain if such a policy is required and if specific groups could be identified to rat...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9260(99)90834-6
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms (IAAA) are a variant of abdominal aortic aneurysms, which are associated with an increased morbidity. The diagnosis of IAAA has traditionally been established with a combination of clinical and laboratory findings together with contrast enhanced CT. There is a high incidence ...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/crad.1999.0442
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present 19 patients who were found to have colonic herniation into the chest via the oesophageal hiatus on barium enema. This was demonstrated by showing the position of the hernia and its intimate association with the oesophagus at barium swallow. In nearly all cases there was a co-existent partially volved hernia...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9260(05)81743-x
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has greatly advanced evaluation of marrow diseases of the paediatric skeleton. As with many other aspects of paediatric radiology it is important to recognize the normal variations in the appearance of the marrow that occur in the growing child. These normal variations need to be diffe...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2004.02.001
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To evaluate vertebral scalloping in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) and spinal deformity using plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to determine the possible aetiological association with neurofibromas, dural ectasia and lateral meningocoeles. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Nineteen pati...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2004.04.006
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicts in exquisite detail the supporting structures of the posteromedial corner of the knee. This musculoligamentous unit plays a central role as a dynamic stabilizer of the knee joint and the recognition of injury to the posteromedial corner carries important implications in terms o...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2006.11.024
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To examine the functional brain alterations in Parkinson's disease (PD) by measuring blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) signals at rest while controlling for the structural atrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty-three PD patients and 20 age, gender, and education level matched normal con...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2015.10.006
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well recognized that a negative mammogram report does not exclude the presence of breast carcinoma. This study examines the accuracy of mammography in patients with palpable breast cancer. In particular, the study evaluates the reasons underlying negative mammography in breast cancer. All patients with Paget's d...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9260(05)83454-3
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Implant rupture is a common late complication of breast implant procedures. Ruptures are often silent and difficult to diagnose clinically. This review demonstrates normal appearances and sonographic signs of implant rupture. Breast sonologists should be aware of these signs and pitfalls in interpretation when imaging...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2013.03.014
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dual-energy (DE) pulmonary blood volume (PBV) computed tomography (CT) has recently become available on clinical CT systems. The underlying physical principle of DECT is the fact that the photoelectric effect is strongly dependent on the CT energies resulting in different degrees of x-ray attenuation for different mat...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2010.12.021
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To study the safety, effectiveness and diagnostic value of transvenous forceps biopsy of the liver in 54 patients with coagulopathy, gross ascites or morbid obesity and suspected liver disease in whom percutaneous liver biopsy was contraindicated. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Forceps biopsy of the liver via the femoral ve...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9260(02)00576-7
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To provide a diagnostic approach to pulmonary nodules in patients with chondrosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A search of the oncology database at a specialist orthopaedic oncology referral centre was performed to identify all patients who were treated surgically for chondrosarcoma between January 2007 and December...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2019.11.017
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The aim of this study was to assess the CT manifestations of bronchocentric granulomatosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:The CT results of five patients with bronchocentric granulomatosis were retrospectively analysed. The patients ranged from 20 to 72 years of age and included three men and two women. The diagnosis of br...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/crad.1999.0380
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To report a case series in which the radiological features of the subcutaneous use of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHa) dermal fillers are described for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Five patients with facial hyperattenuating hypermetabolic subcutaneous lesions were identified on 2- [(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-g...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2009.05.004
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Breast screening radiologists are under considerable pressure to maximize cancer detection and minimize the number of interval cancers. This study used screening films, previously reported as normal, taken before the development of an interval cancer. The aim was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the ...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/crad.2001.0776
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) can lead to emergency situations, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, and tumoural rupture with haemoperitoneum or peritonitis. In addition, if a GIST grows exophytically to a large size, it is often misdiagnosed as a tumour arising from adjacent organs. ...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.crad.2015.10.025
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical and radiological findings of 12 patients with early carcinoma of the ampulla or papilla of Vater are described. Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and hypotonic duodenography are the radiological techniques most suited to making the diagnosis. An irr...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9260(80)80090-0
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcoidosis is a relatively common disease with protean clinical manifestations. Involvement of the parotid glands in the acute presentation is well recognized but the grey scale and colour Doppler appearances are less well so. These are described in a case where imaging and biopsy proved valuable in the diagnosis of ...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9260(05)81832-x
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The appearances on computed tomography (CT) of the normal and abnormal superior sagittal sinuses are presented. The varied patterns of non-enhanced and enhanced normal superior sagittal sinuses are correlated with and reflect the findings of anatomical dissection. Cases of abnormal superior sagittal sinus include thro...
journal_title：Clinical radiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9260(82)80308-5
更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00
