Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Accurate data on the sound emitted by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coils is lacking. METHODS:We recorded the sound waveforms of seven coils with high bandwidth. We estimated the neural stimulation strength by measuring the induced electric field and applying a strength-duration model to account for different waveforms. RESULTS:Across coils, at maximum stimulator output and 25 cm distance, the sound pressure level (SPL) was 98-125 dB(Z) per pulse and 76-98 dB(A) for a 20 Hz pulse train. At 5 cm distance, these values were estimated to increase to 112-139 dB(Z) and 90-112 dB(A), respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The coils' airborne sound can exceed some exposure limits for TMS subjects and, in some cases, for operators. These findings are consistent with the current TMS safety guidelines that recommend the use of hearing protection.
journal_name
Brain Stimuljournal_title
Brain stimulationauthors
Koponen LM,Goetz SM,Tucci DL,Peterchev AVdoi
10.1016/j.brs.2020.03.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-01 00:00:00pages
873-880issue
3eissn
1935-861Xissn
1876-4754pii
S1935-861X(20)30057-7journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:The final common pathway in tinnitus generation is considered to be synchronized auditory oscillatory hyperactivity. Intracranial auditory cortex stimulation (iACS) via implanted electrodes has been developed to treat severe cases of intractable tinnitus targeting this final common pathway, in the hope of be...
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pub_type： 信件
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pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Direct stimulation of the vagus nerve in the neck via surgically implanted electrodes is protective in animal models of stroke. We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of a non-invasive cervical VNS (nVNS) method using surface electrodes applied to the skin overlying the vagus nerve in the neck in a m...
journal_title：Brain stimulation
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doi：10.1016/j.brs.2015.11.008
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
