Abstract:
BACKGROUND:China is the world's largest consumer of tobacco, with hundreds of millions of people exposed daily to secondhand smoke (SHS). Comprehensive smoke-free policies are the only effective way to protect the population from the harms of SHS. China does not have a comprehensive national smoke-free law but some local-level regulations have been implemented. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate local level smoke-free regulations across 7 cities in China by measuring the prevalence of smoking in public places (workplaces, restaurants and bars), and support for smoke-free policies over time. METHODS:Data were from Waves 2 to 4 of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey (2007-2012), a face-to-face cohort survey of approximately 800 smokers in each of 7 cities in mainland China. Multivariate logistic regression models estimated with generalised estimating equations were used to test the changes in variables over time. RESULTS:As of 2012, over three-quarters of respondents were exposed to smoking in bars; more than two-thirds were exposed to smoking in restaurants and more than half were exposed to smoking in indoor workplaces. Small decreases in the prevalence of smoking were found overall from Waves 2 to 4 for indoor workplaces, restaurants and bars, although the decline was minimal for bars. Support for complete smoking bans increased over time for each venue, although it was lowest for bars. CONCLUSIONS:Existing partial smoking bans across China have had minimal impact on reducing smoking in public places. A strongly enforced, comprehensive national smoke-free law is urgently needed in order to achieve greater public health gains.
journal_name
Tob Controljournal_title
Tobacco controlauthors
Fong GT,Sansone G,Yan M,Craig L,Quah AC,Jiang Ydoi
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052508subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-11-01 00:00:00pages
iv14-20eissn
0964-4563issn
1468-3318pii
tobaccocontrol-2015-052508journal_volume
24 Suppl 4pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
TOBACCO CONTROL文献大全abstract:BACKGROUND:In countries banning advertising and display of tobacco at point-of-sale, little is known about tobacco companies' continuing promotion of products through incentives and benefits to retailers. METHOD:A telephone survey of 4527 randomly selected Australian retailers was conducted in August 2018, and identif...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055383
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cigarette consumption has declined in the USA. However, cigar consumption has increased. This may be due in part to some cigarette smokers switching to filtered cigars as a less expensive substitute for cigarettes. Additionally, some cigarette smokers may perceive and consume little filtered cigars as ciga...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052535
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco often elicits negative connotations of a lower class product, uptake and use by young adult smokers has grown because RYO is more cost-effective than tailor-made (TM) cigarettes. We explored the practices and beliefs young adults develop to distance themselves from unattr...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053168
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Standardized Tobacco Assessment for Retail Settings (STARS) was designed to characterise the availability, placement, promotion and price of tobacco products, with items chosen for relevance to regulating the retail tobacco environment. This study describes the process to develop the STARS instrument and ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053076
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined the impact of tobacco tax and price policies in China. In addition, very little is known about the differential responses to tax and price increases based on socioeconomic status in China. OBJECTIVE:To estimate the conditional cigarette consumption price elasticity among adult urba...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052091
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sponsorship of Formula One (F1) motor racing, which has been used as an indirect medium of tobacco advertising for several decades, was prohibited by the 2005 European Union Tobacco Advertising Directive. Most F1 tobacco sponsorship of motor racing in the EU has since ceased, with the exception of the Scuder...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2011.043448
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Philip Morris (PM) launched the Philip Morris External Research Program (PMERP) in 2000, two years after the company agreed to the dissolution of two industry-wide, external research programmes: the Council for Tobacco Research (CTR) and the Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR). Our previous analysis of PME...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2005.012799
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hookahs (water pipes) are rapidly increasing in popularity worldwide. Evidence suggests that although perceived as safer than cigarette smoke, hookah smoke may be as, or even more, dangerous as cigarette smoke. METHODS:Air samples from 33 homes-11 where only hookah-smoking occurred, 12 with only cigarette...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053165
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:After North Carolina (NC) fire inspectors detected unsafe carbon monoxide (CO) levels inside several waterpipe cafés, the state fire code was amended to include provisions regulating waterpipe cafés, adding a requirement for air ventilation. These regulations apply to new buildings constructed after 1 Januar...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054361
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the extent to which smokers and non-smokers in Victoria, Australia attempt to keep their homes smoke free and to determine whether the proportion of people attempting to do so has changed over time. DESIGN:Face to face surveys conducted in Victoria each year from 1989 to 1997. PARTICIPANTS:Approxi...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.8.3.266
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine those groups who are at increased risk of smoking related diseases, we assessed in which male and female generations smoking was more prevalent among lower educated groups than among the higher educated, in 11 European countries. DESIGN:Cross sectional analysis of data on smoking, covering the y...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2004.008573
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the national level of compliance with the Chilean comprehensive smoke-free legislation by observing healthcare facilities, education centres, government offices, hospitality venues and private workplaces, by type of area within workplaces and public places: enclosed, semiopen and open. METHODOLOGY:...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055632
更新日期:2020-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::The 'common knowledge' defence is a legal strategy which has been successfully used by defendant tobacco companies to avoid legal responsibility for the harms caused by smoking. Tobacco companies have hired professional historians to try to persuade courts about a longstanding high level of public awareness regarding ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052618
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A four-stage model of the cigarette epidemic was proposed in 1994 to communicate the long delay between the widespread uptake of cigarette smoking and its full effects on mortality, as had been experienced in economically developed countries where cigarette smoking became entrenched decades earlier in men th...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050294
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study examined sexual orientation differences in encoded exposure to tobacco product ads and intersections with race and ethnicity. METHODS:We analysed data from young adults (18-24) from the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study in 2013 and 2014 (N=9110). First, we compared encoded expos...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055313
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Fogarty International Center (FIC) initiative, "International Tobacco and Health Research Capacity Building Program" represents an important step in US government funding for global tobacco control. Low- and middle-income countries of the world face a rising threat to public health from the rapidly escalating epid...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2005.014753
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine whether during a period of limited e-cigarette regulation and rapid growth in their use, smoking began to become renormalised among young people. DESIGN:Interrupted time-series analysis of repeated cross-sectional time-series data. SETTING:Great Britain PARTICIPANTS: 248 324 young people aged ap...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054584
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Although numerous studies describe the quantity and nature of tobacco marketing in stores, fewer studies examine the industry's attempts to reach youth at the point of sale. This study examines whether cigarette marketing is more prevalent in stores where adolescents shop frequently. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PAR...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2003.006577
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess retailer compliance with a licensing scheme requiring tobacco retailers to list their business details with the government, to examine whether listed retailers are more likely to comply with a point-of-sale (POS) display ban and other in-store retailing laws and to explore variations in compliance ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052767
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research has contributed significantly to tobacco control in high-income nations, but has not yet played a comparable role in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In recent years, efforts have been devoted to building research capacity in LMICs. Using publication in Tobacco Control as a proxy for all tob...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050762
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the role of tobacco use in prison and possible influences of the prison environment on smoking among inmates in the context of developing inmate smoking cessation programmes. METHOD:Qualitative study based on seven focus groups with prisoners and ex-prisoners. SETTINGS:A maximum security prison i...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.2008.026393
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:As limitations on traditional marketing tactics and scrutiny by tobacco control have increased, the tobacco industry has benefited from direct mail marketing which transmits marketing messages directly to carefully targeted consumers utilising extensive custom consumer databases. However, research in these a...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052314
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) aerosolise a liquid that usually contains propylene glycol and/or vegetable glycerine, flavourants and the dependence-producing drug, nicotine, in various concentrations. This laboratory study examined the relationship between liquid nicotine concentration and plasma nicotine ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052447
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study examined the impact of pictorial cigarette-warning labels, warning-label message framing and plain cigarette packaging, on young adult smokers' motivation to quit. METHODS:Smokers aged 18-30 years (n=740) from a consumer research panel were randomised to one of four experimental conditions where t...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051234
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the proportion of countries/territories that allow sales of tobacco products and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in community pharmacies. METHODS:International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) member organisations were contacted by email and asked to respond to a two-item survey assess...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053394
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Food and Drug Administration can reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes to very low levels. This potential regulatory action is hypothesised to improve public health by reducing smoking, but may have unintended consequences related to weight gain. METHODS:Weight gain was evaluated from a double-blind...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053301
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To learn how the tobacco industry reacted to businesses' voluntarily enacting policies to discourage tobacco use and minimise exposure of employees and patrons to secondhand smoke. DATA SOURCES:Internal tobacco industry documents discovered among those posted on the internet. Approximately 24 million documen...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.9.3.339
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To analyse a policy dilemma in China on public health versus the tobacco economy through additional cigarette tax. METHODS:Using published statistics from 1980 through 1997 to estimate the impact of tobacco production and consumption on government revenue and the entire economy. These estimates relied on th...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tc.11.2.105
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Understanding the impact of prices for tobacco and nicotine products is critical for creating policies to prevent use among young people. This study examines the impact of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and cigarette prices on current e-cigarette and cigarette use among youth and young adults. METHODS...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054764
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Philip Morris International has made efforts to expand the sale of its heated tobacco product, IQOS, into new domestic markets globally. In Australia, where heated tobacco products are prohibited, the company recently attempted to overturn Australian legislation in order to permit their sale. In light of thi...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056057
更新日期:2020-11-15 00:00:00