Abstract:
RATIONALE:Virtually all cocaine self-administration studies have used a "unit dose" as a reinforcing stimulus; the subject is a passive recipient of an experimenter-selected dose. OBJECTIVES:The present experiments examined the consequence of requiring the subject to actively determine the dose and speed of each injection. METHODS:A two-lever procedure was used in which responding on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule provided access to cocaine on a hold down (HD) schedule. With HD, the pump is turned on for the duration that the lever is held down, thus the dose and speed of injection is determined by the behavior of the subject. The procedure allows for the evaluation of both drug taking and drug seeking responses. RESULTS:The results were qualitatively different from PR self-administration studies using unit dose. The self-administered HD dose varied across the session; the self-administered dose was found to inversely correlate with drug levels at the time of access. Importantly, the 2 L-PR-HD procedure identified a subpopulation of subjects that showed extremes in both drug seeking and drug taking. Subjects at the top end of the distribution displayed unprecedented final ratios (> 900) and rapidly self-administered very large doses (> 1.4 mg; ~ 4.2 mg/kg). Manipulation of drug-taking variables (HD access duration and concentration of drug in the pump) showed that the immediacy of a cocaine bolus, not the duration of access, is the major determinant of drug seeking. CONCLUSIONS:Incorporating a consummatory response into a PR procedure provides a unique perspective on the interactions of drug-seeking and drug-taking.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Roberts DCS,Zimmer BAdoi
10.1007/s00213-020-05565-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-09-01 00:00:00pages
2685-2693issue
9eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072pii
10.1007/s00213-020-05565-1journal_volume
237pub_type
杂志文章abstract:RATIONALE:Rolipram, an inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE4) produces discriminative stimulus effects in rats. These effects may be related to a wide range of central nervous system effects described previously. OBJECTIVE:The purposes of the present study were to: (i) assess the specificity of the discrimin...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100878
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) are gut derived hormones. GLP-1 and GLP-2 were shown to have pleiotropic effects in intestinal and pancreatic diseases. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to investigate the activities of GLP-1 and GLP-2 on nociception and inflammation in mice, involving th...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5154-7
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abstract:RATIONALE:Neurobiological models of addiction suggest that abnormalities of brain reward circuitry distort salience attribution and inhibitory control processes, which in turn contribute to high relapse rates. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study is to determine whether impairments of salience attribution and inhibitory c...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1975-8
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1313-x
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mature rats (starting weight at least 270 g) were treated daily with cannabis extract (daily THC dose 20 mg/kg) for 3 months. After a 1- to 4-month drug-free period, residual effects on a variety of behaviors were studied. No residual effects were found in learning of an eight-arm radial maze task, nor on a differenti...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00429660
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4676-8
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Research suggests the experimental manipulation of oxytocin facilitates positive interactions, cooperation, and trust. The mechanism by which oxytocin influences social behavior is not well understood. OBJECTIVE:We explored the hypothesis that oxytocin alters how people perceive themselves, which could be on...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2527-6
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The rapid membrane actions of neuroactive steroids, particularly via an enhancement of γ-aminobutyric acidA receptors (GABAARs), participate in the regulation of central nervous system excitability. Prior evidence suggests an inverse relationship between endogenous GABAergic neuroactive steroid levels and beh...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3618-y
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130000596
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rabbit classical eyeblink conditioning paradigm was used to assess the effects of haloperidol on hippocampal function. Haloperidol disrupted hippocampal activity and conditioned responses (CRs) at low but not high conditioned stimulus (CS) intensities. The observed relationship of hippocampal activity and the CR s...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050237
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Depressed patients robustly exhibit affective biases in emotional processing which are altered by SSRIs and predict clinical outcome. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study is to investigate whether psilocybin, recently shown to rapidly improve mood in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), alters patients' e...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4754-y
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The pharmacological profile of escitalopram, the S-(+)-enantiomer of citalopram, was studied and compared with citalopram and the R-(-)-enantiomer, R-citalopram. METHODS:Inhibition of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) was studied in COS-1 cells expressing the human 5-HTT (h-5-HTT) and in rat brain synaptosom...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1364-z
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to the reduction of the startle response magnitude when a startling stimulus is closely preceded by a weak stimulus. PPI is commonly used to measure sensorimotor gating. In rats, the PPI reduction induced by the dopamine agonist apomorphine can be reversed by systemic administ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-015-3940-z
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The effect of LSD in humans has been described as occurring in two temporal phases. The behavioral effects in rats also occur in two temporal phases: an initial suppression of exploration followed by increased locomotor activity. OBJECTIVES:We decided to investigate this phenomenon from the perspective that ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2183-9
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This was a 4-week, three-center, double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of bupropion in hospitalized depressed patients. Results from 27 placebo and 48 bupropion-treated patients were analyzed for efficacy and safety. Assessments of efficacy and safety were made at...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00433415
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Calcineurin is a protein regulating cytokine expression in T lymphocytes and calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine A (CsA) are widely used for immunosuppressive therapy. It also plays a functional role in distinct neuronal processes in the central nervous system. Disturbed information processing as seen...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05751-1
更新日期:2020-12-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the relationship between benzodiazepine and risk of developing pneumonia in patients with schizophrenia, whose benzodiazepine dosage and usage frequency was higher than that of the general population. METHODS:We conducted a nested case-control study to assess the association between benzodiaz...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5039-9
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The cerebral microdialysis technique has been widely used to monitor the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The extracellular concentration of 5-HT has generally been shown to change after pharmacological manipulation as expected. Extracellular levels of the metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleaceticacid (5-HIAA) ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
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更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427106
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00181242
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF02244373
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Stimulant medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents remain controversial with respect to later development of cocaine abuse. Past research demonstrated that adolescent methylphenidate treatment increased several aspects of cocaine self-administration during adulthood using...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4419-2
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05620-x
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The binding kinetics of tritiated quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) were studied in membrane preparations from human parotid and rabbit submandibular glands. Inhibition of 3H-QNB was then used to compare the anticholinergic activity of lofepramine, desipramine, imipramine and amitriptyline for muscarinic receptor in the s...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00172861
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:There is a growing concern over excessive caffeine use and development of caffeine use disorder in children. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to identify the association between caffeine intake and cognitive functioning in children. METHODS:This study included 11,718 youths aged 9-10 years with cognitive and caf...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05596-8
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Depressive disorders are conditions that often require continuous treatment, and it is therefore important to evaluate the consequences of prolonged administration. There are few studies assessing cognitive functions of depressed patients after long-term use of antidepressants. OBJECTIVES:This study evaluate...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0274-2
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0860-6
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study employed an animal model of drug relapse in which previously extinguished heroin self-administration behavior was reinstated following a single reinforced trial. Male albino rats were trained to traverse a straight-alley for a reinforcer consisting of a single IV injection of 0.06 mg/kg diacetylmorph...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246658
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Opioid antagonism reduces the consumption of palatable foods in humans but the neural substrates implicated in these effects are less well understood. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the opioid antagonist, naltrexone, on neural response to rewarding and aversive sight an...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3573-7
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00