Abstract:
:Chlorine (Cl2 ) and bromine (Br2 ) are produced in large quantities throughout the world and used in the industry and the sanitation of water. These halogens can pose a significant threat to public health when released into the atmosphere during transportation and industrial accidents, or as acts of terrorism. In this review, we discuss the evidence showing that the activity of Cl2 and Br2 , and of products formed by their interaction with biomolecules, fragment high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA), a key component of the interstitial space and present in epithelial cells, to form proinflammatory, low-molecular-weight hyaluronan fragments that increase intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) and activate RAS homolog family member A (RhoA) in airway smooth muscle and epithelial and microvascular cells. These changes result in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine and increase epithelial and microvascular permeability. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ is the result of the activation of the calcium-sensing receptor by Cl2 , Br2 , and their by-products. Posthalogen administration of a commercially available form of HMW-HA to mice and to airway cells in vitro reverses the increase of Ca2+ and the activation of RhoA, and restores AHR to near-normal levels of airway function. These data have established the potential of HMW-HA to be a countermeasure against Cl2 and Br2 toxicity.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Lazrak A,Song W,Zhou T,Aggarwal S,Jilling T,Garantziotis S,Matalon Sdoi
10.1111/nyas.14415subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-01 00:00:00pages
29-43issue
1eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
1479pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::In spite of increasing incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the last few decades, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) still remains the dominant subtype of esophageal cancer worldwide. Apart from conventional SCC, some rare unconventional tumors of esophageal squamous mucosa are also well known. This study p...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13108
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::CISD2, the causative gene for Wolfram syndrome 2 (WFS2), is an evolutionarily conserved novel gene. Recently, we have demonstrated that CISD2 is involved in mammalian lifespan control; this work also establishes WFS2 as a mitochondria-mediated disorder and effectively links CISD2 gene function, mitochondrial integrity...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05619.x
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper is a progress report on our present understanding of iron nutrition in man, particularly in developing countries. We will be concerned with the quantitative aspects of iron balance and in particular with the availability of dietary iron, the recognition of iron deficiency and its prevalence, the effects of ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb19320.x
更新日期:1977-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Music-supported therapy (MST) has been developed recently to improve the use of the affected upper extremity after stroke. MST uses musical instruments, an electronic piano and an electronic drum set emitting piano sounds, to retrain fine and gross movements of the paretic upper extremity. In this paper, we first desc...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06425.x
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many studies have now indicated that micronutrients, such as the carotenoids, tocopherols, and ascorbic acid, can prevent mutagenesis, genotoxic effects, or malignant transformation in bacteria and mammalian tissue, either in cell culture or in organ culture. In addition, multiple papers report that some of these micr...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb39180.x
更新日期:1993-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::In this experiment, we investigated the influence of the photoperiod upon androgen receptor (AR) distribution and steroid concentrations in ovaries of 21-day-old bank vole females. Sections (6 mum) were assayed immunohistochemically. ARs were localized in the nuclei of granulosa cells. The strongest immunoreaction was...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1327.050
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antisense oligonucleotides (AON) are being developed for a wide array of therapeutic applications. Significant improvements in their serum stability, target affinity, and safety profile have been achieved with the development of chemically modified oligonucleotides. Here, we compared 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinon...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1348.032
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major active ingredient of marijuana, can suppress reproductive function. Also, we reported previously that the endocannabinoid, anandamide (AEA), inhibited gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LHRH) release from medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) of male rats incubate...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1366.008
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that hemodynamic load is one of the most important determinants of cardiac structure and function. Circadian variations in blood pressure (BP) values are usually accompanied by consensual changes in peripheral resistance and/or cardiac output. In recent years, in hypertensive patients with left ventri...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb26714.x
更新日期:1996-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Risk factors for esophageal cancer include genetic factors (such as tylosis) and infectious agents. A variety of organisms have been implicated in esophageal carcinogenesis, either directly or indirectly. In this review, we explore the normal esophageal flora and how it may be controlled, and also the variety of organ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13858
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes neuronal degeneration and, at a late stage, creates HIV-associated dementia (HAD) and other neurological abnormalities. Therefore, the need for neuroprotective agents is great. However, therapeutic agents that reduce HIV neurotoxicity are difficult to characterize and...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1403.010
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) now enables precise visualization of the mechanical state of the living human orbit. Resulting insights have motivated histological re-examination of human and simian orbits, providing abundant consistent evidence for the active pulley hypothesis, a re-formulation of ocular motor physi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02805.x
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of climate change on biodiversity is now evident, with the direct impacts of changing temperature and rainfall patterns and increases in the magnitude and frequency of extreme events on species distribution, populations, and overall ecosystem function being increasingly publicized. Changes in the climate sy...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.12952
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various biological activities of peptides have been found. In this study, the induction of apoptosis in a human lymphoma cell line (U937) by peptide fraction separated from anchovy sauce was studied using biochemical and flow cytometric methods. After U937 was treated with a hydrophobic peptide fraction of the anchovy...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1299.073
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured plasma concentration of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), a proopiomelanocortin derivative that modulates pyrogenic and proinflammatory effects of cytokines, in infectious and inflammatory disorders in humans to learn if changes in this peptide take place in naturally occurring disease. alp...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09622.x
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have defined three sets of HLA-DR3(+) haplotypes that provide maximum risk of type 1 disease development in Indians: (1) a diverse array of B8-DR3 haplotypes, (2) A33-B58-DR3 haplotype, and (3) A2-B50-DR3 occurring most predominantly in this population. Further analysis has revealed extensive diversity in B8-DR3 ha...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/nyas.12019
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the translational vestibulo-ocular reflex (tVOR) in four healthy human subjects during complex, unpredictable sum-of-sines head motion (combination of 0.73, 1.33, 1.93, and 2.93 Hz), while subjects viewed a target 15 cm away. Ideal eye velocity was calculated from recorded head motion; actual eye velocity w...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06167.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rat striatal synaptosomes showed a reduced capacity to generate a membrane potential after being exposed to methamphetamine (METH) for 1 h. As a consequence, the dopamine (DA) synaptosomes were impeded in their electrogenic-dependent reuptake of dopamine. The capacity for METH-exposed nerve terminals to generate a mem...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05195.x
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular synapse. About half of LEMS patients have an associated small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which is usually detected after diagnosis of LEMS. This short review summarizes clinical and serological markers shown to predict the presenc...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06772.x
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunoglobulin 4 (IgG4) is one of four human IgG subclasses and has several unique functional characteristics. It exhibits low affinity for complement and for most Fc receptors. It furthermore has generally high affinity for its antigen, with binding occurring in a monovalent fashion, as IgG4 can exchange Fab-arms wit...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13561
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), is a parasite that attacks all warm-blooded animals including humans. This parasite has caused significant losses to the livestock industries of the Americas. Since the screwworm eradication program was initiated in the Southeastern United States in 1957, the erad...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05289.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Esophageal symptoms are common, and can arise from mucosal, motor, functional, and neoplastic processes, among others. Judicious use of diagnostic testing can help define the etiology of symptoms and can direct management. Endoscopy, esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM), ambulatory pH or pH-impedance manometry, ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.13709
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The characteristics of the sensations produced by activating one electrode at a time are summarized as follows: (a) Loudness was found to increase with current level and pitch with repetition rate. (b) Pitch and sharpness increased in the apical-to-basal direction, and vowel labels could be assigned to sensations prod...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb31639.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed an assay to detect mucosally delivered antibody to Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoite antigens. We absorbed a recombinant 23-kD sporozoite protein to polystyrene microspheres, and used flow cytometry to detect, titer, and determine the isotype of antibody to p23 that was shed in the feces of experimen...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05316.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of the eukaryotic cell cycle and an inducer of morphological reversion of transformed cells, inhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC) at nanomolar concentrations. Recently, trapoxin, oxamflatin, and FR901228, antitumor agents structurally unrelated to TSA, were found to be potent HDAC inh...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09397.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deregulation of signaling pathways is a common feature observed in human cancers and other diseases. Therefore, there is a strong need for compounds that are able to modulate or inactivate upregulated signaling events. Natural compounds extracted from plants have long been used and still present a dynamic domain in th...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1397.041
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite new technological advances in the rehabilitation of audition in profoundly deaf children, auditory training remains a fundamental part of their education. Consequently, it is necessary to learn what kind of stimuli, what kind of auditory tasks, and what kind of learning procedures generate faster and more long...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04793.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review we will evaluate evidence that altered gene dosage and structure impacts neurodevelopment and neural connectivity through deleterious effects on synaptic structure and function, and evidence that the latter are key contributors to the risk for autism. We will review information on alterations of structu...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03571.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we consider the evolution of Alzheimer's-like neuropathology in the aging primate brain. In particular, we examine the evolutionary pressures that have likely selected for the neuroprotective effects of estrogen and of the apolipoprotein E2 and E3 isoforms. We analyze this in the context of the altricial...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05567.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophylum are intracellular rickettsiae that cause bovine anaplasmosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis, respectively. The ultimate vaccine for the control of anaplasmosis would be one that reduces infection and transmission of the pathogen by ticks. Effective vaccines for control o...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1374.081
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00