Abstract:
:The 1940s and 1950s witnessed a diverse search for not just natural product antibiotics but also for synthetic and semisynthetic compounds. This review revisits this epoch, using the research by a Danish pharmaceutical company, LEO Pharma, as an example. LEO adopted a strategy searching for synthetic antibiotics toward specific bacterial pathogens, in particular Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to the discovery of a new derivative of a known drug. Work on penicillin during and after WWII lead to the development of associated salts/esters and a search for new natural product antibiotics. This led initially to no new, marketable compounds, but concluded with the serendipitous discovery of fusidic acid, an antibiotic used to treat infections by Staphylococcus aureus, in 1960. The discovery process included contemporary approaches such as open innovation; targeting specific pathogens and/or specific organs in the patient; examining the effects of antimicrobial compounds on bacterial virulence as well as on antibiotic-resistant variants, and searching for antibiotic producers among microorganisms not previously well explored. These activities were promoted by the collaboration with a renowned Danish clinical microbiologist, K. A. Jensen, as well as company expertise in fermentation technologies, chemical synthesis and purification of bioactive compounds from organic materials.
journal_name
Front Microbioljournal_title
Frontiers in microbiologyauthors
Leisner JJdoi
10.3389/fmicb.2020.00976subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-12 00:00:00pages
976issn
1664-302Xjournal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Salmonella is one of the most frequently reported causes of foodborne illness worldwide. Non-typhoidal serovars cause gastroenteritis in humans. Salmonella can grow on surfaces forming biofilms, contributing to its persistence since biofilms are difficult to eradicate due to the high resistance to antimicrobials and d...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02160
更新日期:2017-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are becoming routinely employed in different fields of virus research. Different sequencing platforms and sample preparation approaches, in the laboratories worldwide, contributed to a revolution in detection and discovery of plant viruses and viroids. In this work, we are...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01998
更新日期:2017-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decades, Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- has rapidly emerged and it is isolated with high frequency in the swine food chain. Although many studies have documented the epidemiological success of this serovar, few investigations have tried to explain this phenomenon from a genetic perspective. Here a comparative w...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00715
更新日期:2018-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00780.]. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01785
更新日期:2019-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::Enterobacteria phage vB_PcaM_CBB is a "jumbo" phage belonging to the family Myoviridae. It possesses highly atypical whisker-like structures along the length of its contractile tail. It has a broad host range with the capability of infecting species of the genera Erwinia, Pectobacterium, and Cronobacter. With a genome...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00044
更新日期:2017-01-24 00:00:00
abstract::Long-read nanopore sequencing by a MinION device offers the unique possibility to directly sequence native RNA. We combined an enzymatic poly-A tailing reaction with the native RNA sequencing to (i) sequence complex population of single-stranded (ss)RNA viruses in parallel, (ii) detect genome, subgenomic mRNA/mRNA sim...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00260
更新日期:2019-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic mycosis in Latin American caused by the thermodimorphic fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides spp. Notably, a Th1 immune response is required to control PCM. In this context, dendritic cells (DCs) seem to be essential players in capture, processing and presentation of Paracocci...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01727
更新日期:2019-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Litter decomposition is the key link between material circulation and energy flow in ecosystems, resulting from the activity of resident microbes and various enzymes. This study investigated enzyme activity in litter and associated microbial community characteristics to help clarify the internal mechanisms associated ...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.565806
更新日期:2020-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Microalgae and probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera are associated with human beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of Chlorella sorokiniana on Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus plantarum viability in a dairy product (flan) and its microbial effect against...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00875
更新日期:2020-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::Toxoplasmosis, which is one of the most widespread zoonoses worldwide, has a high incidence and infection can result in severe disease in humans and livestock. Citrate synthase (CS) is a component of nearly all living cells that plays a vital role in the citric acid cycle, which is the central metabolic pathway of aer...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01376
更新日期:2017-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Six aerobic alkanotrophs (organism that can metabolize alkanes as their sole carbon source) isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents were characterized using the radical clock substrate norcarane to determine the metalloenzyme and reaction mechanism used to oxidize alkanes. The organisms studied were Alcanivorax sp. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00109
更新日期:2013-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Horizontal gene transfer within diverse bacterial populations occurs through multiple mechanisms of exchange. The most established routes of gene transfer, transduction, transformation, and conjugation, have been characterized in detail, revealing the advantages and limitations of each mechanism. More recently, inters...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02978
更新日期:2018-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::Genome-resolved environmental metagenomic sequencing has uncovered substantial previously unrecognized microbial diversity relevant for understanding the ecology and evolution of the biosphere, providing a more nuanced view of the distribution and ecological significance of traits including phototrophy across diverse ...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01658
更新日期:2019-07-23 00:00:00
abstract::Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important vegetable and spice crop of tropical and sub-tropical regions. Chili plants showing upward leaf curling, leaf crinkling, and leaf yellowing symptoms, collected from Sikar district of Rajasthan, India, were found to be associated with begomovirus and satellite molecules. The p...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.512957
更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::The RstB histidine kinase of the two component system RstAB positively regulates the expression of damselysin (Dly), phobalysin P (PhlyP) and phobalysin C (PhlyC) cytotoxins in the fish and human pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, a marine bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae. However, the function of t...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00897
更新日期:2019-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by soilborne saprophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus and closely related species that infect several agricultural commodities including groundnut and maize. The consumption of contaminated commodities adversely affects the health of humans and livestock. Aflatoxin contaminat...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00227
更新日期:2020-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Climate change is affecting the amount and complexity of plant inputs to tropical forest soils. This is likely to influence the carbon (C) balance of these ecosystems by altering decomposition processes e.g., "positive priming effects" that accelerate soil organic matter mineralization. However, the mechanisms determi...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00720
更新日期:2014-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::It was reported that exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from lactobacilli are able to differentially modulate mucosal antiviral immunity. Although research has described the ability of EPSs derived from Streptococcus thermophilus to modulate the mucosal immune system, their impact on antiviral immunity was less explored. In th...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00894
更新日期:2020-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::To proliferate, antibiotic-producing Streptomyces undergo a complex developmental transition from vegetative growth to the production of aerial hyphae and spores. This morphological switch is controlled by the signaling molecule cyclic bis-(3',5') di-guanosine-mono-phosphate (c-di-GMP) that binds to the master develop...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02524
更新日期:2018-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article on p. 37 in vol. 6, PMID: 25699029.]. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00538
更新日期:2015-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::A core issue in microbial ecology is the need to elucidate the ecological processes and underlying mechanisms involved in microbial community assembly. However, the extent to which these mechanisms differ in importance based on traits of taxa with different niche breadth is poorly understood. Here, we used high-throug...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00169
更新日期:2019-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::The genus Crinivirus includes the whitefly-transmitted members of the family Closteroviridae. Whitefly-transmitted viruses have emerged as a major problem for world agriculture and are responsible for diseases that lead to losses measured in the billions of dollars annually. Criniviruses emerged as a major agricultura...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2013.00119
更新日期:2013-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::We determined the taxonomic composition of the bacterioplankton of the epipelagic zone of the Atlantic Ocean along a latitudinal transect (51°S-47°N) using Illumina sequencing of the V5-V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene and inferred co-occurrence networks. Bacterioplankon community composition was distinct for Longhursti...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00649
更新日期:2016-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, there is little evidence on the in situ antibacterial activity of essential oils (EO) without alcohol. This study aimed to evaluate in situ the substantivity and antiplaque effect on the plaque-like biofilm (PL-biofilm) of two solutions, a traditional formulation that contains EO with alcohol (T-EO) and an ...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02162
更新日期:2017-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::The outer potato periderm layer consists of dead suberized cells. Suberin, a protective biopolymer, is made of a polyaliphatic portion covalently linked to polyaromatic moieties. Evidence accumulates that Streptomyces scabies, the main causal agent of potato common scab, can degrade the suberin aliphatic part but its ...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02795
更新日期:2019-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::Arachis hypogaea (Peanut) is one of the most important cash crops grown for food and oil production. Salinity is a major constraint for loss of peanut productivity, and halotolerant plant growth promoting bacteria not only enhance plant-growth but also provide tolerance against salt stress. The potential of halotolera...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.568289
更新日期:2020-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Low moisture content ready-to-eat foods vended in Nigerian markets could be pre-packaged or packaged at point of sale. These foods are widely and frequently consumed across Nigeria as quick foods. Despite their importance in the daily diets of Nigerians, a comprehensive study on the diversity of fungi, fungal metaboli...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00615
更新日期:2020-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::Maternally inherited endosymbionts inhabit a variety of arthropods. Some of them can protect the arthropod host against a wide range of pathogens. However, very little is known about the association between endosymbionts and pathogen susceptibility in ticks. The present study investigated the effect of endosymbionts o...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01415
更新日期:2018-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is primarily generated by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) under aerobic conditions, renders bacteria highly resistant to oxidative stress. However, the biosynthetic pathway and physiological role of this gas under anaerobic conditions ...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02357
更新日期:2019-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial dissimilatory sulfate reduction to sulfide is a predominant terminal pathway of organic matter mineralization in the anoxic seabed. Chemical or microbial oxidation of the produced sulfide establishes a complex network of pathways in the sulfur cycle, leading to intermediate sulfur species and partly back to ...
journal_title:Frontiers in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00849
更新日期:2019-04-24 00:00:00