Abstract:
:Cape Town, South Africa experienced an upsurge in the level of political violence from May to July of 1986. To determine the impact of the political violence on health and health services, selected routinely available information was analyzed, a community survey was conducted of 1,540 randomly selected households in high, medium, and low impact areas (defined using police and community reports), and a survey of 162 nurses (75 per cent response rate) working in clinic and maternity services in Cape Town's townships was undertaken. Methodological problems were encountered in relation to sampling, interviewer allocation to areas, and access to routinely available information. Nevertheless, a consistent picture emerged from the studies that: demonstrated the impact of political violence on attendance at routine health service facilities (for hypertension, tuberculosis, immunizations, antenatal and postnatal services); highlighted the disruptions caused to basic services in high impact areas (water, street lighting, sanitation and transport); documented the problems experienced by nurses in performing their usual services and by patients obtaining access to their services; showed that high impact areas had three times higher rates of gunshot wounds than low impact areas during the period.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Yach Ddoi
10.2105/ajph.78.7.772subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-07-01 00:00:00pages
772-6issue
7eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The recent development of a sensitive and specific test (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for Toxocara canis infection has made it possible to study the epidemiology of this parasite in man. Antibody to Toxocara was measured in veterinarians, kennel workers, nurses, laboratory technicians, and clerical personnel in ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.67.12.1193
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of physical activity to the development of definite coronary heart disease was examined separately in middle-aged (45-64 years) and elderly men (65-69 years) participating in the Honolulu Heart Program. After 12 years of follow-up, results indicate that increased levels of physical activity reported a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.6.683
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The health risks from low-dose sparsely ionizing (low-LET) radiation have been the subject of continued debate. At present, quantitative estimates of risk are extremely uncertain due to the controversy surrounding both the dosimetry for A-bomb survivor data and the choice of mathematical models for extrapolating risk ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.6.585
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We compared voluntary participation and comprehension of informed consent among individuals of African ancestry enrolled in similarly designed genetic studies of hypertension in the United States and Nigeria. METHODS:Survey questionnaires were used to evaluate factors associated with voluntariness (the numb...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.076232
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the relationships between wealth and income and selected racial and ethnic differences in health. METHODS:Cross-sectional data on a national sample of 9744 men and women aged 51 through 61 from the 1992 Health and Retirement Survey were analyzed to examine the association between socioec...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.5.805
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to describe the characteristics and sleep circumstances of infants who die suddenly and unexpectedly and to examine similarities and differences in risk factors among infants whose deaths are classified as resulting from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), suffocation, or undetermined causes. MET...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300613
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated whether the decline of the racial disparity in preterm birth during the last decade was commensurate with a decline in the contribution of preterm birth to the infant mortality gap. METHODS:We used linked files of 1990 and 2000 data on US infant births and deaths to partition the gap between Bl...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.093708
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We performed a systematic review of literature on violence and related health concerns among asylum seekers in high-income host countries. We extracted data from 23 peer-reviewed studies. Prevalence of torture, variably defined, was above 30% across all studies. Torture history in clinic populations correlated with h...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301136
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Use of the Freedom of Information Act can be potentially harmful to the security of research in progress. There is no protection from disclosure of information in grant applications; collected research data can be obtained and disclosed prematurely; and data supporting published research may be acquired and re-analyz...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.4.335
更新日期:1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined correlates of condomless anal intercourse with nonmain sexual partners among African American men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS:We recruited social networks composed of 445 Black MSM from 2012 to 2014 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Cleveland, Ohio; and Miami Beach, Florida. Participants reporte...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302945
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study investigated the relationship between psychosocial and behavioral factors and the frequency of emergency department visits for childhood asthma. METHODS:Data obtained from a survey of parents of 445 children who were being treated for asthma in the emergency room of a large urban hospital were ex...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.10.1410
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to quantify the potential health impact of selected medical and nonmedical policy changes within the United States. METHODS:Using data from the 1997-2000 National Health Interview Surveys (linked to mortality data through 2002) and the 1996-2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys, we calculated age...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.165019
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mail survey of 1,650 elderly consumers evaluated prescription drug leaflets for antihypertensives, tranquilizers, and arthritis medicines. Of those who said they received the leaflet, 95 per cent read it, 76 per cent kept it, and 56 per cent discussed it with another person. Respondents taking antihypertensive medic...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.2.157
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the effects of a comprehensive, multifaceted intervention program to reduce fireworks-related injuries during the Italian New Year's holiday season, active surveillance was conducted in the 18 public emergency rooms of Naples, Italy, before and after implementation of the program. Preintervention data collect...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.1.84
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of giardiasis occurred following a family party for 25 persons. Nine who had eaten fruit salad became ill, compared with one who had not eaten the salad (Relative Risk = 7.4, 95% CI = 1.4, 169.3). The fruit salad preparer had a diapered child and a pet rabbit at home who were both positive for Giardia lamb...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.10.1259
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A questionnaire survey of the 127 US medical schools was undertaken to assess the present status of occupational health teaching as a follow-up to two prior similar studies. The present study revealed that 78 (68%) of the 115 responding schools specifically taught occupational health during the 1991/92 academic year, ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.5.846
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. The health risks of smoking are well documented, as is the effectiveness of clinical and public health interventions to prevent and reduce smoking. However, many myths about smoking either encourage people to begin or continue smoking or...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.063073
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::With attention to the field of public health ethics growing, significant time has been devoted to identifying a sound ethical justification for paternalistic interventions that override individual autonomy to prevent people from adopting unhealthy behaviors. Efforts focused on specifying the conditions that warrant pa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.110361
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:A randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of feedback and financial incentives on physician compliance with cancer screening guidelines for women 50 years of age and older in a Medicaid health maintenance organization (HMO). METHODS:Half of 52 primary care sites received the intervention, which inc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.11.1699
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined self-reported suicidal behavior of older homeless veterans to establish frequencies and predictors of recent suicidal behaviors, and their impact on transitional housing interventions. METHODS:We analyzed the records of a national sample of 10,111 veterans who participated in a transition housin...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300436
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Falls and fall-induced injuries in older people are a major public health problem in modern societies with aging populations. Injury is the fifth leading cause of death in older adults, and most of these fatal injuries are related to falls. We have assessed the nationwide trends in fall-induced deaths of older people ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.047779
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A fundamental problem with classifying agriculturally related injury is that there is neither a rational nor a comprehensive scheme for grouping incidents into categories describing actual exposures encountered on farms and in agricultural work. Current surveillance systems are unable to differentiate between work tha...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.5.736
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We tested a structural model of relations among self-reported childhood maltreatment, alcohol and other drug abuse and dependence symptoms, and sexual risk behavior in a sample of adolescents receiving outpatient treatment of substance use problems. METHODS:Structured interviews were administered to an ethn...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300628
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bisexuals (N = 424) and lesbians (N = 1,921) were surveyed regarding their sources of gynecologic care, utilization patterns, openness with physicians, and assessment of quality of care. About 40 per cent of each group believed that physician knowledge about their sexual preference would hinder the quality of medical ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.9.1085
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined HIV diagnosis rates and disease progression among men who have sex with men (MSM) according to race/ethnicity and age. METHODS:Using data obtained from the national HIV/AIDS surveillance system, we examined trends in HIV diagnosis rates for 2001 through 2004 using Poisson regression. We used a s...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.087551
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This article describes a unifying conceptual framework for the public health system as a way to facilitate the measurement of public health system performance. METHODS:A conceptual framework for the public health system was developed on the basis of the work of Donabedian and a conceptual model previously d...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.8.1235
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the proportion and characteristics of patients who do not regularly visit general health care providers but do visit dentists and whose unaddressed systemic health conditions could therefore be identified by their dentist. Of the 26.0% of children and 24.1% of adults that did not access general outpatient ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300420
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The medical outcomes and demographic characteristics of all victims of fires identified by The Baltimore Fire Department during a 14-month period in Baltimore City were studied. Fifty-nine per cent of victims suffered minor injuries, 25 per cent required hospitalization and 16 per cent were fatalities. The majority of...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.67.11.1077
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We assessed which of a broad range of determinants of health are most strongly associated with health-related quality of life (HRQL) among people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:Our analysis included respondents from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.1 (2000-2001) who were aged 18 years and older an...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.067728
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:There has been relatively little research on the contributions of school context to developmental outcomes. This study examined relationships between students' sense of the school as a community and their involvement in problem behaviors. METHODS:Participants were an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.12.1997
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00