Abstract：
:Heparan sulphate (HS) sits at the interface of the cell and the extracellular matrix. It is a member of the glycosaminoglycan family of anionic polysaccharides with unique structural features designed for protein interaction and regulation. Its client proteins include soluble effectors (e.g. growth factors, morphogens, chemokines), membrane receptors and cell adhesion proteins such as fibronectin, fibrillin and various types of collagen. The protein-binding properties of HS, together with its strategic positioning in the pericellular domain, are indicative of key roles in mediating the flow of regulatory signals between cells and their microenvironment. The control of transmembrane signalling is a fundamental element in the complex biology of HS. It seems likely that, in some way, HS orchestrates diverse signalling pathways to facilitate information processing inside the cell. A dictionary definition of an orchestra is 'a large group of musicians who play together on various instruments …' to paraphrase, the HS orchestra is 'a large group of proteins that play together on various receptors'. HS conducts this orchestra to ensure that proteins hit the right notes on their receptors but, in the manner of a true conductor, does it also set 'the musical pulse' and create rhythm and harmony attractive to the cell? This is too big a question to answer but fun to think about as you read this review.
journal_name
Int J Exp Patholjournal_title
International journal of experimental pathologyauthors
Gallagher Jdoi
10.1111/iep.12135subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-08-01 00:00:00pages
203-31issue
4eissn
0959-9673issn
1365-2613journal_volume
96pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Interleukin (IL)-6-related cytokines share gp130 as the signal-transducing protein. Cardiac myocytes produce various kinds of cytokines including IL-6 and cardiotrophin-1. Activation of gp130 transduces hypertrophic and cytoprotective signals in cardiac myocytes via JAK/STAT, MAP kinase and PI-3 kinase pathways. Besid...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2613.2000.00139.x
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumour-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma but the molecular mechanism of this polarization is still unknown. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were induced to differentiate into M0, M1 and M2 macrophages and TAMs. TAMs were transfected with pcDNA3.1-GAS5, pcDNA3.1-NC,...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/iep.12374
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A major translational barrier to the use of stem cell (SC)-based therapy in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) is the lack of a clear understanding of the mechanism(s) underlying the cardioprotective effect of SCs. Numerous paracrine factors from SCs may account for reduction in infarct size, but myocardial salv...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/iep.12312
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of dengue type 2 virus (DV) and the cytokines induced by it, on the chemiluminescence (CL) response of mouse spleen cells was studied by luminol-dependent CL. Following intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of DV, an initial increase in CL response was observed which was followed by a sharp decline from the 4th ...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was performed to characterize the intestinal lesions in chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in mice and to determine a possible role of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (ilEL) in the development of these lesions. Chronic GVHD was induced by transfer of DBA/2 lymphocytes into non-irradiated (C57BL...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although it is well known that cadmium (Cd) causes adverse effects on male rat reproductive organs, few studies have quantified alterations caused by its low doses. Quantification of these alterations, especially in the testis, was measured using morphometry. A single dose of cadmium chloride (1 or 1.2 mg/kg BW) was i...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00692.x
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We determined the feasibility of producing protoporphyric hepatopathy in unrestrained rats by infusing protoporphyrin into their portal circulation via chronic indwelling catheters. Sprague-Dawley rats, 200-300 g, received single (8.5-27.8 mumol) or multiple (64.1-208.7 mumol) infusions of protoporphyrin over 3-240 h....
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A dose-dependent neutrophil migration was observed following the injection of purified (Hu IFN-gamma) or recombinant (rIFN-gamma) human gamma interferon into rat peritoneal cavities. This finding contrasts with their inability to cause chemotaxis in vitro in the Boyden chamber. Neutrophil migration into peritoneal cav...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin window procedures in humans have shown rapid accumulation of neutrophils into the exuded fluids above abraded skin. The present study was undertaken to determine if similar epicutaneous neutrophil accumulation might explain the extreme resistance of HRS/J mice, both hairless (hr/hr) and haired (hr/+), to experime...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00584.x
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Angiogenesis is a common finding in chronic inflammatory diseases; however, its role in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) remains to be elucidated. Previous SS studies have demonstrated an increase in VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 system expression in minor salivary gland (MSG) biopsies from patients with SS, but differences in the new blood ...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/iep.12061
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It was previously shown that administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) aggravated murine viral myocarditis by increasing myocardial virus titres. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis in mice and rats mimics human fulminant myocarditis. The effects of L-arginine, a...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00609.x
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heart failure (HF) is characterized by a skeletal muscle myopathy with increased expression of fast myosin heavy chains (MHCs). The skeletal muscle-specific molecular regulatory mechanisms controlling MHC expression during HF have not been described. Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), a family of transcriptional fact...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2613.2006.00475.x
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was conducted to evaluate the adverse effects of the anabolic steroid, boldenone undecylenate (BOL) on reproductive functions of male rabbits. Thirty white New Zealand mature male rabbits were divided into three groups (10 rabbits each). Group A rabbits served as a control group. Group B rabbits received 4....
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00814.x
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to clarify the function of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in vivo, we have developed transgenic mice expressing HGF in the liver. The bromodeoxyuridine labelling indices in livers from HGF transgenic mice were doubled, compared to those from wild type mice. Livers of HGF transgenic mice expressed high levels ...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2613.1998.730403.x
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of flaxseed in animals subjected to ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): control group (CG) which received a control diet and water ad libitum; flaxseed group (FG) which received control diet with an addition of 25% f...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/iep.12288
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two families of the Metzincin clan of metalloproteinases, the matrix metalloproteinases and the disintegrin metalloproteinases have attracted much attention as important effectors of cellular interactions with their environment. They appear to play significant roles in the modulation of components of the extracellular...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type：
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2613.2010.00736.x
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) is damaged by many toxins, including oxidants and bacterial toxins. Any effect on LSECs of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor, pyocyanin, may be relevant for systemic pseudomonal infections and liver transplantation. In this study, the effects of pyocyanin on in vi...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00602.x
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The interrelationship between acinar cell apoptosis and tubular complex formation was examined in caerulein-induced pancreatitis using histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and DNA gel electrophoresis. Rats were given 8 hourly subcutaneous injections of caerulein, 24 micrograms/kg, for up to 2 days. Mor...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2613.1999.00116.x
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amino acid metabolism is a significant metabolic activity in humans, especially of sulphur-containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine (Cys). Cys is cytotoxic and neurotoxic in nature; hence, mammalian cells maintain a constant intracellular level of Cys. Metabolism of Cys is mainly regulated by two thiol dioxygen...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/iep.12222
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in chronic liver disease can reduce hepatic perfusion and accelerate fibrosis. The relationship between eNOS expression and liver fibrogenesis remains unclear. We investigated whether L-arginine attenuated chronic liver fibrosis through eNOS expression. Ch...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00590.x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultraviolet ray B (UV-B) induced dermatitis in the rat may be a model for human psoriasis vulgaris. Detailed studies of this model are reported. Rat skin responded to UV-B irradiation quite differently from human, guinea-pig, or mouse skin. Rat UV-B dermatitis was characterized by a sharply demarcated brownish-red les...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship of endothelial dysfunction induced by intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) accumulation and DNA methylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The isolated HUVEC were incubated with 3-deazaadenosine (DZA) to induce experimental intracellular ...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00687.x
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tumour microenvironment, which is largely composed of inflammatory cells, is a crucial participant in the neoplastic process through the promotion of cell proliferation, survival and migration. Neutrophil polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) induce inflammatory reactions that can be either cytotoxic for tumour cells or ...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00628.x
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bronchial subepithelial fibrosis is an histological characteristic of asthma. Cytokines and other mediators, such as PDGF-BB, TGF-beta1 and ET-1 found in the asthmatic submucosa can potentially activate a repair process that leads to fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. The mechanisms of modulation of the ...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2613.2000.00173.x
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Salivary glands of cat were examined from 1 to 42 days following parasympathectomy and compared with contralateral normal control glands. Microliths were detected by light microscopy in none of 11 parotid, 31 out of 41 submandibular and four out of 22 sublingual glands following parasympathectomy, and one out of 19 pa...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conventional therapies for low back pain (LBP) are purely symptomatic and do not target the cause of LBP, which in approximately 40% of cases is caused by degeneration of the intervertebral disc (DIVD). Targeting therapies to inhibit the process of degeneration would be a potentially valuable treatment for LBP. There ...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0959-9673.2006.00449.x
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) are believed to be important effector cells responsible the myocardial damage seen following ischaemia. However, the exact kinetics of their migration remains controversial. Isolated PMN (10 x 10(6) cells) labelled with (51)Cr were injected into four groups of Lewis rats: 0 h (T0h; n = 13...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2613.2007.00541.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Minaçu virus was isolated from Ochlerotatus scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Minaçu, Goiás State, Brazil, in 1996. In attempting characterization of virus serological (hemagluttination inhibition, HI; indirect immunofluorescence assay, IFA), physicochemical [test for deoxycholate acid (DCA) sensitivity; polyacrylami...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2613.2006.00516.x
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is evidence to show that downregulation of miR-1 expression is closely related to cancer progression, including in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying miR-1 downregulation in NPC remain largely unknown, especially its association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In this stu...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/iep.12162
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A reversible impairment in the ability of the liver to secrete cholephilic compounds has been reported to exist in infant rats born from mothers with surgically induced complete cholestasis during the last third of the pregnancy. Canalicular plasma membranes (CPM) were purified from livers obtained from 4 and 8 week-o...
journal_title：International journal of experimental pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2613.1997.360372.x
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
