Abstract:
:We assessed if there has been a decline in the median number of reported lifetime sexual partners in Kenya following the AIDS epidemic. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the median and interquartile range (IQR) of the number of lifetime sexual partners for men aged 20-54 years in the 1993 and 2008 Kenyan Demographic Health Surveys. The median number of sexual partners in 1993 increased rapidly to 10 partners reported at age 30 years then plateaued at this level. In 2008, the median number of sexual partners plateaued at around half the value of the 1993 plateau. The median number of lifetime sexual partners for men aged 20-54 years declined from 10 (IQR 4-20) in 1993 to 3 (IQR 2-7) in 2008 (P < 0·001). This decline could be due to a combination of the effects of AIDS mortality and a misreporting bias.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Kenyon CR,Schwartz I,Buyze Jdoi
10.1017/S095026881500165Xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-02-01 00:00:00pages
556-9issue
3eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409pii
S095026881500165Xjournal_volume
144pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Horizontal transmission of Campylobacter jejuni was investigated in campylobacter-free broiler chicks. One hundred and twenty chicks housed individually, were provided with water containing 10(2)-10(9) c.f.u./ml C. jejuni. Colonization was rapid [47 of 73 (64%) positive cloacal cultures within 3 days and 65 of 73 (89%...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800054571
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Spain, vaccination against rubella was initiated in schoolgirls in the mid-1970s. In Gipuzkoa, subsequent extensions to the vaccination schedule culminated in 1992 with the introduction of the two-dose measles, mumps and rubella vaccine in children and adolescents of both sexes. Moreover, in 1985 a programme for th...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268804002158
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective observational study 4,485 patients from 46 clinical centres in 17 European countries were followed between April 1994 and November 1996. Information on AIDS-defining events (ADEs) were collected together with basic demographic data, treatment history and laboratory results. The centres were divided in...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007719
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the most commonly identified infectious aetiologies of encephalitis in North America and Europe. The epidemiology of encephalitis beyond these regions, however, is poorly defined. During 2009-2012 we enrolled 313 patients in a multicentre prospective study of encephalitis in Peru, ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/S0950268815003222
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noroviruses (NoVs) are major causal agents of acute gastroenteritis in humans. NoV GII.4 is the predominant genotype globally. However, uncommon and minor types of NoVs are consistently detected and some have been shown to dominate over GII.4. Therefore, the prevalence of dominant and uncommon NoVs makes the identific...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817001273
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Filariasis is one of the major public health concerns in India. Approximately 600 million people spread across 250 districts of India are at risk of filariasis. To predict this disease, a pilot scale study was carried out in 30 villages of Karimnagar district of Telangana from 2004 to 2007 to collect epidemiological a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268819001481
更新日期:2019-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::British cattle were infected with the South African (Neethling) strain of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and their clinical signs monitored over a 3-week period. Different routes of infection were assessed for effect on the clinical characteristics of the disease by using a clinical scoring system. Neither of 2 anima...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800052067
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the roles of multiple factors in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with emphasis on the modification of various individual characteristics on the risk associated with percutaneous exposure to blood. Serum samples taken from 4869 men in Taiwan within a cohort study were tested for HCV antibody. Th...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005362
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ruminants are considered the main reservoir for transmission of Coxiella burnetii (Cb) to humans. The implementation of effective control measures against Cb in ruminants requires knowledge about potential risk factors. The objectives of this study were (i) to describe the spatial distribution of Q fever-infected dair...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814003926
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of the meningococcal insertion sequence IS1301 was analysed in 496 strains of different serogroups and clonal lineages of Neisseria meningitidis, and in 64 neisserial strains other than N. meningitidis. IS1301 was found in meningococci, but not in apathogenic Neisseria sp. and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. T...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003647
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a cattle respiratory disease that represents one of the major threats to cattle health and production in sub-Saharan Africa. The transmission contact rate of CBPP plays a key role in the spreading dynamics of the disease. We have developed an approach based on the combinatio...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268804003498
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in humans worldwide. In the United States, widespread detection of antibodies to leptospirosis have been identified in feral swine (Sus scrofa) with the highest detection of serovars, Bratislava, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona. Over the past few years, feral swine populat...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816002247
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A serological study of hepatitis A was carried out in low-income areas scheduled for a major sanitation programme in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Blood spots were collected by finger puncture and transported on filter paper, and total antibodies to hepatitis A virus were detected by ELISA. Households were also interviewed ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005945
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transmission of varicella occurs frequently in schools and households. We investigated the characteristics of varicella cases derived from within-household transmission and the modes of varicella transmission between school and household settings in Shanghai, China, from 2009 to 2018. Within-household transmission occ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820000448
更新日期:2020-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Mathematical modelling is an important tool for understanding the dynamics of the spread of infectious diseases, which could be the result of a natural outbreak or of the intentional release of pathogenic biological agents. Decision makers and policymakers responsible for strategies to contain disease, prevent epidemi...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815002939
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In March 1997, an outbreak of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC) infection occurred amongst holidaymakers returning from Fuerteventura, Canary Islands. For the investigation, a confirmed case was an individual staying in Fuerteventura during March 1997, with either E. coli O157 VTEC isolated in stoo...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002940
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between 1976 and 1986, 258 incidents of suspected scombrotoxic fish poisoning were reported in Britain. Histamine analysis was carried out on 240 fish samples from these incidents, and 101 were found to contain greater than 5 mg histamine/100 g fish. The symptoms most consistently reported were rash, diarrhoea, flushi...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800066632
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) is becoming increasingly established in Asian hospitals. The primary aim of this study was to decompose the risk factors for HA-MRSA based on conceptual clinical pathways. The secondary aim was to show the amount of effect attributable to antibiot...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815002733
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microsporida are known as opportunistic unicellular organisms and have recently been reclassified as fungi that have been frequently reported from patients with congenital and acquired immunity failure disorders, worldwide. However, use of immunosuppressive medications in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients sign...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817000954
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::South Africa's paediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme is managed using a monitoring and evaluation tool known as TIER.Net. This electronic system has several advantages over paper-based systems, allowing profiling of the paediatric ART programme over time. We analysed anonymized TIER.Net data for HIV-infect...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816001916
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the joint association of patient and strain characteristics with the outcome of meningococcal disease (MD), data were collected on 563 consecutive cases of MD reported between 1989 and 1990 in The Netherlands. The meningococcal isolates were characterized with regard to their surface characteristics. Se...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800057472
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a case-control study examining risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter infections that were reported in 2004 and 2005 in two health regions in southern Alberta. The study questionnaire included questions about recent travel and antibiotic use, food consumption frequency, use of househol...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268807009296
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe microbiological, clinical and epidemiological aspects of a diphtheria outbreak that occurred in Maranhão, Brazil. The majority of the 27 confirmed cases occurred in partially (n = 16) or completely (n = 10) immunized children (n = 26). Clinical signs and characteristic symptoms of diphtheria such as cervic...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814001241
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of band differences in DNA macrorestriction profiles required to distinguish unrelated strains from an index strain varies in an outbreak with the species and restriction enzyme used. In order to define this difference for epidemiological studies of Serratia marcescens, we produced DNA fingerprints from 57 ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899004112
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main feature of the epidemiological transition is a shift in the recorded causes of death from infectious diseases to other morbid conditions. This paper outlines modifications made to Omran's original model and stages of transition, and suggests that without a focus on aetiology and morbidity, these have been bas...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268818000572
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated whether straight-line distance from residential compounds to healthcare facilities influenced mortality, the incidence of pneumonia and vaccine efficacy against pneumonia in rural Gambia. Clinical surveillance for pneumonia was conducted on 6938 children living in the catchment areas of the two largest...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814000314
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between January and March 1992, 361 faecal specimens were collected from the healthy black population in the Transvaal Province of South Africa. Each specimen was examined for the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in commensal bacteria. Volunteers, from both rural and urban dwellings, were divided into four age g...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800056922
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nebovirus is a new genus of viruses belonging to the Caliciviridae family recently characterized in cattle, and is associated with gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhoea, anorexia and intestinal lesions particularly in calves. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of neboviruses in Brazilian c...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000029
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report on the first recorded outbreak of cholera in Namibia. From December 2006 to February 2007, more than 250 cases of cholera were reported from the Omusati and Kunene provinces of Namibia. However, only nine bacterial isolates were obtainable for analysis. Isolates were all identified as Vibrio cholerae O1 sero...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268807009685
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae is a cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) worldwide and has been associated with IPD outbreaks, while carriage is rarely detected in healthy adults or children. This study details an Australian multi-state and territory outbreak of serotype 1 S. pneumoniae IPD between 2010 a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814000648
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00