Abstract:
:Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of diseases characterized by a progressive increase of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), initially due to abnormal pulmonary vasoconstriction in response to endothelial injury. Recent studies have here confirmed the prominent role of endothelin (ET)-1 in vasoconstriction and remodelling of the pulmonary microcirculation. In patients who are acute-vasoreactive, classical treatments for PAH are calcium channels blockers (CCBs), while drugs targeting the prostacyclin, nitric oxide and endothelin pathways, i.e., prostanoids, phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitors and endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), respectively, are indicated in non-vasoreactive patients or in vasoreactive patients not responding to initial CCB therapy. Randomised, placebo-controlled trials have shown that ERAs improve pulmonary haemodynamics, exercise capacity, functional status and clinical outcome in patients with PAH. Here we provide an overview of the currently recommended diagnostic and therapeutic work-up in PAH, with special emphasis on ERAs.
journal_name
Cardiovasc Drugs Therjournal_title
Cardiovascular drugs and therapyauthors
Madonna R,Cocco N,De Caterina Rdoi
10.1007/s10557-015-6605-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
469-79issue
5eissn
0920-3206issn
1573-7241pii
10.1007/s10557-015-6605-6journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE:The ischemic/bleeding trade-off of continuing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) beyond 1 year after PCI for patients with high thrombotic risk (HTR) as endorsed by 2018 ESC/EACTS myocardial revascularization guidelines remain unknown. METHODS:Patients undergoing coronary stenting between January 2013 and Decemb...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10557-020-07030-9
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of trimetazidine on late potentials in patients with acute myocardial infarction. A total of 60 patients (52 males, mean age 55 +/- 2 years, and 8 females, mean age 54 +/- 1.8 years) with the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction were included in this study. The ...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1023/a:1007740311072
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rational approach to the treatment of chronic myocardial ischemia requires an appreciation of the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease and the treatment options available. Any factor that causes an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand can provoke ischemia. Myocardial oxygen requirements rise w...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1007782210758
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was undertaken on 10 patients with angina undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The angioplasty procedure consisted of two successive 30-second balloon inflations at 5 minute intervals. After the first inflation, nicorandil (0.1 mg/kg) was given intravenously over a 2-minute peri...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00878473
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty-one chronically T. cruzi-infected male adult albino rats with normal resting ECG were submitted to the ajmaline test (1 mg/kg body weight injected into the dorsal vein of the penis). Twenty-one similar noninfected animals served as controls. Ajmaline induced the following ECG alterations in control rats: A decre...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01883861
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations of the circulating hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) increase in the very early phase of acute myocardial infarction, and are a marker of arterial thrombosis. A recently developed, highly sensitive HGF assay can detect the early stages of arterial thrombosis in patients with unstable angina pectoris, acute...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/B:CARD.0000041252.33870.74
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothesis tested was that enhanced entry of calcium into cardiac cells would increase the susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation as measured by the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) of the isolated perfused rat heart. Bay-K-8644 was used as a calcium-channel agonist. There was a biphasic effect with a ...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00052561
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elgodipine is a new second-generation dihydropyridine calcium antagonist. Its hemodynamic and antiischemic properties were evaluated in a single-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 22 males with chronic stable angina. Coronary artery disease was angiographically confirmed. Measurements were performed with a Swan-Ganz t...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00878092
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the effect of antihypertensive drugs on aortic distensibility, we evaluated the aortic distensibility of 33 hypertensive patients before and after antihypertensive treatment by using cine magnetic resonance imaging. Thirty three hypertensive patients were divided into three groups and treated for 12 weeks wi...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1023/a:1007711617112
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pyrimidine base, orotic acid (OA), markedly improves the function of recently infarcted hearts subjected to global ischemia. The mechanism of cardiac action of OA is unclear, but it has been proposed that OA acts by correcting a relative deficiency of nucleotide precursors required for RNA synthesis in the stresse...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1007700716866
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review we attempt to determine the role of calcium channel blockers in preventing cardiovascular sequelae in patients with both hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The data have been collected from three sources: post-hoc analyses of subgroups of diabetic patients in placebo-controlled hypertension trials (SHE...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1007891121240
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular endothelium gene expression regulates blood-vessel wall interactions, vascular permeability, smooth muscle cell growth and tone. The possibility to introduce exogenous DNA or RNA sequences in endothelial cells represents a novel therapeutic approach of vascular disease. The aim of the work was to investigate ...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1011154616992
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the impressive relation between an increased blood cholesterol and increased mortality from coronary artery disease and despite the persuasive results of cholesterol-lowering trials in secondary prevention, there are increasing reservations about the wisdom of lowering moderately raised blood cholesterol level...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1007/BF00878930
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eighteen hypertensive patients (13 males, 5 females; age 48 +/- 13; diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mmHg), either previously untreated or who had been off treatment for more than 3 months, underwent M-mode echocardiography before (DO) and after (D90) 3 months of nicardipine therapy (60-90 mg/day). All echocar...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01865511
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A succession of theories arising from last century has attempted to explain why patients with damaged hearts develop peripheral edema. Opposed to the original simple concepts of backward failure, a number of theories of forward failure have been proposed, the cardiac output being considered inadequate for capillary pe...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF00877921
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and antiarrhythmic activity of dihydroquinidine and quinidine in 14 patients (11 men, 3 women, aged 28 to 67 years) with heart disease and chronic, stable, high-frequency premature ventricular beats (PVB) (greater than 100/hr). A randomized, double-blind, cross...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00054209
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of a fixed combination of 10 mg nifedipine and 100 mg acebutolol was tested in 21 patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD). Ejection fraction (EF), emptying and filling rate (VS and VD), and end-systolic volume (ESV) were assessed by means of radionuclide ventriculography at res...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00148473
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical guidelines recommend peri-cardioversion anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with AF undergoing cardiovers...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1007/s10557-019-06869-x
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess whether glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition using tirofiban in low risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may reduce the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction compared to standard care in poor responders to aspirin and/or clopidogrel. METHODS:We will enroll patients at ...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s10557-008-6121-z
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the increased use of long-acting nitroglycerin preparations, there has been greater recognition of the problem of nitrate tolerance. In recent years extensive research has broadened our understanding of the mechanisms of nitroglycerin action and the mechanisms of drug attenuation. This paper reviews the current s...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF01857640
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding and controlling the consequences of myocardial ischemia requires us to acknowledge that we are dealing with a complex, dynamic, and highly variable process. The severity and progression of ischemic injury is not solely determined by the extent of oxygen deprivation, but by many other factors, including t...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF00054247
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Left ventricular dysfunction is in most cases the consequence of myocardial ischemia. It may occur transiently during an attack of angina and usually it is reversible. It may persist over hours or even days in patients after an episode of ischemia followed by reperfusion, leading to the so-called condition of stunning...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF00877322
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to test whether the administration of a vascular-selective organic calcium antagonist (nisoldipine) at the onset of early mechanical reperfusion (by coronary angioplasty) in acute myocardial infarction could prevent or attenuate postischemic stunning and enhance the recovery of lef...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1023/a:1007713118941
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous amiodarone has been found useful in the emergent management of life-threatening arrhythmias. Experimental studies have shown that its electrophysiologic effects are proportional to its myocardial concentration. However, early after its intravenous administration, the extent of the concentration of amiodaro...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1007756411790
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral verapamil and normal diet on regression of atherosclerotic plaque in cholesterol fed rabbits. Forty-three rabbits were separated into 6 groups and studied for 24 weeks. All groups had a cholesterol diet for the first 12 weeks. Group I was then sacrificed a...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02125835
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to define the role of beta-adrenergic blockade and direct membrane effects in the ability of dl-propranolol to alter ventricular repolarization and refractoriness in the intact heart. The effective refractory period (ERP) and the local Q-T interval were measured at an epicardial site in t...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02125746
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review will present a summary of a description of apoptotic pathways in the heart, followed by ways to measure it and the experimental and clinical evidence for the role of apoptosis in cardiac disease. An evaluation of the effectiveness of pharmacological and other therapeutic interventions in the prevention of ...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/a:1013715704835
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The PPAR-alpha agonists (fibrates) are commonly used in the treatment of dyslipidemia. It has been hypothesized that the cardio-protective effects of fibrates are partially due to immunomodulatory effects. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the effect of fibrates on neutrophilic chemokines such as ep...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10557-011-6368-7
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Early reperfusion represents the key strategy in ST elevation myocardial infarction. However, reperfusion may induce myocardial damage due to the reperfusion myocardial injury, compromising the full potential of reperfusion therapy and accounting for unfavourable results in high risk patients. Adenosine seems to atten...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s10557-015-6606-5
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of equipotent concentrations of diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine upon the accumulation of extracellular potassium [K+]out and the left ventricular pressure (LVP) were studied during global ischemia in isolated perfused rat hearts. Measurement of [K+]out and LVP were performed in two series of experimen...
journal_title:Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00143532
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00