Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:Maximum ingested food size (Vb ) is an empirically tested performance variable that can shed light on feeding energetics and adaptation in the masticatory system. Until now, this variable had been tested in strepsirrhines alone among primates. Here, we present the first data on Vb in a broad sample of anthropoid primates and describe scaling patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Vb data on anthropoids were collected under captive conditions at the Philadelphia Zoo and compared with published data on strepsirrhines. Data on Vb were scaled against individual body mass and were compared with experimentally determined toughness and stiffness values for the test foods. RESULTS:Unlike in strepsirrhines, where essentially Vb scales isometrically with body mass, Vb in anthropoids scales with negative allometry. There is a significant effect of food material properties on Vb , although bite size in anthropoids varies less based on food properties than in strepsirrhines. Large folivorous strepsirrhines follow the anthropoid trend in bite size scaling, but large frugivorous ones take especially large bites. DISCUSSION:Negative scaling of bite size in the anthropoids sampled could be due to reduced adaptation for gape. Some early anthropoids likely evolved adaptations for maximizing mechanical advantage and fatigue resistance in the chewing muscles, resulting in reduced gape. This might have channeled them toward smaller bites of more-resistant foods and away from taking large bites. This might also be the case for some folivorous strepsirrhines.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Perry JM,Bastian ML,St Clair E,Hartstone-Rose Adoi
10.1002/ajpa.22779subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-09-01 00:00:00pages
92-104issue
1eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644journal_volume
158pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In this paper, we present the academic genealogy of American field primatologists. The genealogy has been compiled to formally document the historical record of this young field. Data have been collected from three main sources: 1) e-mail surveys, 2) library and Internet research, and 3) verbal communication through f...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.20532
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A host of ecological, anatomical, and physiological selective pressures are hypothesized to have played a role in the evolution of hominid bipedalism. A referential model, based on the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and bonobo (Pan paniscus), was used to test through experimental manipulation four hypotheses on the evol...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.10058
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigates the relationships between lower limb robusticity and mobility in a Neolithic sample (LIG) from Italy (6th millennium BP). This study tests the hypothesis that the high femoral robusticity previously observed in the LIG sample is a consequence of the subsistence strategy (i.e., high mobility on ...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.20855
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The Fueguians are descendants of the first settlers of America, a 'relict' isolated geographically for 10,000 years. We compared their cranial variation with other Americans, and samples from Asia and Australia to know whether the modern extinct Fueguians can be considered Paleoamericans or not. MATERIALS A...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.23207
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the 1992 and 1993 field seasons, several new specimens of Branisella boliviana, the oldest fossil platyrrhine, were discovered in the late Oligocene deposits at Salla, northwestern Bolivia. The new materials are two maxillary fragments and seven mandibular fragments, including P3 and P2, neither of which have p...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199602)99:2<301::AID-AJPA7
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The new species Agerinia smithorum (Adapiformes, Primates) from the early Eocene of the Iberian Peninsula is erected in this work. An emended diagnosis of the genus is provided, together with a broad description of the new species and comparisons with other samples assigned to Agerinia and other similar medium-sized c...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.23014
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mummies are human remains with preservation of nonbony tissue. Mummification by natural influences results in so-called natural mummies, whereas mummification induced by active (human) intervention results in so-called artificial mummies, although many cultures practiced burial rites, which to some degree involved bot...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/ajpa.20728
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Variation in long bone cross-sectional geometry can be given a more precise functional interpretation using engineering beam theory. However, difficulties in measurement technique have generally prevented studies of large samples of cross sections in this way. In the present study, an automated system utilizing an ele...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330600308
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Madjars are a previously unstudied population from Kazakhstan who practice a form of local exogamy in which wives are brought in from neighboring tribes, but husbands are not, so the paternal lineages remain genetically isolated within the population. Their name bears a striking resemblance to the Magyars who have...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.20984
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A newly discovered right parietal/temporal/frontal fragment from an australopithecine natural endocast is described and compared to other australopithecine endocasts. This specimen shows that the central sulcus was arched, rather than straight as previously believed, and reveals frontal lobe convolutions not preserved...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330500412
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Computed tomography allows cross-sectional imaging of anthropological as well as clinical subjects. Recently, technical innovations have made three-dimensional reconstruction of these images feasible. We performed two-dimensional and three-dimensional computed tomography of a Late Period Egyptian mummy to reexamine fi...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330830106
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 582 individuals (1,164 chromosomes) from two African, eight African-derived South American, five South American Amerindian, and three Brazilian urban populations were studied at four variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) and two short tandem repeat (STR) hypervariable loci. These two sets of loci did not ...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199908)109:4<425::AID-AJPA
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The present study tests the effectiveness of entheseal robusticity (ER) as a potential predictor of adult age-at-death by applying multiple regression models to a large contemporary identified skeletal sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS:ER was recorded for 23 bilateral postcranial entheses on 481 adult individua...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.24083
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Accurate age estimates are foundational for bioarchaeological research, yet the ability to accurately age older adult skeletons remains elusive. This study uses a new version of pulp/tooth area calculations to investigate chronological age of older archaeological individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Pulp/toot...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.23371
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:A marked asymmetry was previously reported in the sacral alae and S1-L5 facets orientation of the Neandertal individual Regourdou 1. Here, we provide a detailed description and quantification of the morphology and degree of asymmetry of this sacrum. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Regourdou 1 was compared to a modern ...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.23968
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The growth of the maxillary complex of 36 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively during four defined stages of postnatal development (i.e., infant, juvenile, adolescent, young adult). At each stage, growth was observed during a 24 week period. Since some animals were observed dur...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330440104
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stature and the pattern of body proportions were investigated in a series of six time-successive Egyptian populations in order to investigate the biological effects on human growth of the development and intensification of agriculture, and the formation of state-level social organization. Univariate analyses of varian...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/ajpa.10223
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports measurements of weight and recumbent length for a cross-sectional sample of 149 Shipibo infants and children between birth and 35.99 months of age from eight villages in the Peruvian Amazon Basin. The Shipibo are an Amerindian population experiencing a period of local environmental disruption and ra...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330840104
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new partial skeleton of Proconsul nyanzae from Mfangano Island, Kenya (KNM-MW 13142) includes five lumbar vertebrae, a partial sacrum, and nearly complete hipbone. Until recently, little was known of the axial and pelvic skeletons of Proconsul, or any early Miocene hominoid. Because torso morphology directly reflect...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330920306
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Studies of the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ(13) C and δ(15) N) of modern tissues with a fast turnover, such as hair and fingernails, have established the relationship between these values in mothers and their infants during breastfeeding and weaning. Using collagen from high-resolution dentin...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22736
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about ingested food size (V(b)) in primates, even though this variable has potentially important effects on food intake and processing. This study provides the first data on V(b) in strepsirrhine primates using a captive sample of 17 species. These data can be used for generating and testing models of ...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.21285
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Treponemal disease is known to be associated with the compromised community health of permanent village settlement. This association explains its high visibility in the village-based, arguably chiefdom level, agriculturalist societies of late prehistoric (AD 1300-1600) North America. Within chiefdom-level societies, h...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.21381
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of several associated body parts of early hominids whose taxonomic identity is known inspires this study of body size and proportions in early hominids. The approach consists of finding the relationship between various measures of skeletal size and body mass in modern ape and human specimens of known bod...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330870404
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endocrine studies of captive strepsirrhine primates suggest that physical environment and social factors mediate inter-individual variations in testicular function and serum testosterone (sT) in males. While these studies have made major contributions to our understanding of the individual proximate mechanisms influen...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2<137::AID-AJPA
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the results of a study of the prevalence of nonsyndromic dental agenesis among a sample of 208 individuals (105 females, 103 males) between the ages of 15 and 29 years from a North American religious and genetic isolate, the Dariusleut Hutterites of Western Canada. Direct examination of dental casts, oral ex...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330820205
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Associations between season of birth and body size, morbidity, and mortality have been widely documented, but it is unclear whether different parts of the body are differentially sensitive, and if such effects persist through childhood. This may be relevant to understanding the relationship between early life environm...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22484
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article examines the influence of nutritional status on the emergence of deciduous dentition in a cross-sectional sample of 510 rural Rajput children from the Jubbal and Kotkhai Tehsils, Shimla District, Himachal Pradesh, India. The nutritional status of each child was evaluated using Z-scores of height/supine le...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22041
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study analyzed skeletal health disparities among African American and Euro-American males of low socioeconomic status born between 1825 and 1877. A total of 651 skeletons from the Cobb, Hamann-Todd, and Terry anatomical collections were macroscopically examined for skeletal pathologies related to dietary deficien...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.21434
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The height records of 48,589 conscripts born in Jujuy between 1870 and 1960 were examined in order to study the variation in adult male height (AMH) in terms of geographical altitude and surnames. Data were clustered by origin of surnames (divided into native and foreign names), decades, and according to the four Juje...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.20915
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-dependent cortical bone loss in adult females from a skeletal assemblage from 3rd-4th century AD England was studied using metacarpal radiogrammetry. Results showed reduced peak cortical bone thickness compared with modern subjects, and the magnitude of cortical bone loss in older females compared with their young...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.20365
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
