From blood to brain through BBB and astrocytic signaling.

abstract：:Endokinins are novel tachykinins encoded on the human TAC4 and consist of Endokinin A (EKA), B (EKB), C (EKC) and D (EKD). To date, the function of Endokinins in pain processing was not fully understood. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Endokinin A/B (EKA/B, the common C-terminal decap...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Yang Y,Dong S

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhesus monkey MCH-R1 and MCH-R2 receptors were cloned. Amino acid homology is 98.8% between monkey and human MCH-R1, while monkey and human MCH-R2 are 98% homologous. Binding and intracellular signaling characteristics of the monkey receptors were compared with the human homologues. The results demonstrate that MCH bi...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Fried S,O'Neill K,Hawes BE

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new, p -carborane containing analog of tyrosine, 3-[1-hydroxy-1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran (12)-12-yl]alanine, was prepared from protected 3-[1-hydroxy-1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran (12)-12-yl]propionic acid in five steps using Oppolzer's sultam methodology for asymmetric hydroxyamination as the key step. The tyr...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Ujváry I,Nachman RJ

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies directed against amyloid beta protein (AssP) have been suggested to be effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we used in vivo and in vitro models to test some of the mechanisms by which antibodies may produce their effects. We found that the blood-to-brain uptake of murine AssP1-42 wa...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Banks WA,Pagliari P,Nakaoke R,Morley JE

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacological experiments suggest that satiation associated with intestinal infusion of several nutrients is mediated by CCK-A receptors. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty, (OLETF), rats do not express CCK-A receptors and are insensitive to the satiation-producing effects of exogenous CCK. To further evaluate the ro...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Covasa M,Ritter RC

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucocorticoids have been shown to decrease CRF receptor binding in the anterior pituitary. To determine whether glucocorticoids or CRF peptide modulate CRF-R1 gene expression, CRF-R1 mRNA levels in rat pituitary and brain were measured after administration of a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX) or rat/hum...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Zhou Y,Spangler R,LaForge KS,Maggos CE,Ho A,Kreek MJ

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dermorphin, injected intracerebroventricularly (ICV) to rats, provokes, like to morphine, an inhibition of intestinal propulsion linearly related to the log of the administered doses (in the range from 0.06 to 0.56 micrograms/rat), but it is 143 times more active than morphine. Naloxone, ICV or IP, antagonizes dermorp...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Parolaro D,Sala M,Crema G,Spazzi L,Cesana R,Gori E

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trefoil factors family 2 (TFF2), also known as spasmolytic polypeptide, is primarily expressed in the mucus neck cells of gastrointestinal tracts. It has been proposed that TFF2 plays an important physiological role in protection, repair, and healing of gastrointestinal mucosa. To investigate the cis-acting regulatory...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Chi AL,Lim S,Wang TC

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Strips of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) from rabbits were tested for their responses to several peptides, and to electrical field stimulation (EFS) under the presence of some peptides. Substance P (SP), motilin, and bombesin induced contraction, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) induced relaxation. SP- and bo...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Kohjitani A,Shirakawa J,Okada S,Obara H

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present studies were undertaken to better characterize the pharmacological properties of oxytocin receptors (OTRs) of the porcine kidney cell line, LLC-PK1, in their natural membranous environment and after solubilization. In intact membranes, binding of a selective radioligand was rapid, reversible, saturable, an...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Flanagan-Cato LM,Moga CN,Fluharty SJ

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vascular permeability and endothelial cell damage has been shown to occur in rats subjected to trauma with hemorrhagic-shock. Although the factors responsible for the endothelial cell injury are unknown, it has been hypothesized that toxic factors produced in response to hemorrhagic-shock originate in the gut and are ...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Kaiser VL,Sifri ZC,Senthil M,Dikdan GS,Lu Q,Xu DZ,Deitch EA

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kisspeptins are biologically active cleavage peptides of the KiSS-1 gene products with important roles in the suppression of tumor metastasis and in the reproduction. The aim of the present study is to clarify changes of the expression of kisspeptins and kisspeptin receptor in the kidney with and without chronic renal...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Shoji I,Hirose T,Mori N,Hiraishi K,Kato I,Shibasaki A,Yamamoto H,Ohba K,Kaneko K,Morimoto R,Satoh F,Kohzuki M,Totsune K,Takahashi K

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Opioid receptor analyses of deltorphin A (H-Tyr-D-Met-Phe-His-Leu-Met-Asp-NH2) analogues indicated the following: (a) increased negativity differentially affected affinities (Ki) and selectivity (Ki mu/Ki delta); (b) shifted sequence heptapeptides, [Asp5,Leu6,Met-NH2(7)] and [Asp4,His5,Leu6,Met-NH2(7)], reversed selec...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Lazarus LH,Salvadori S,Attila M,Grieco P,Bundy DM,Wilson WE,Tomatis R

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skh-AMP1 (GRTSKQELCTWERGSVRQADKTIAG) is an antifungal peptide isolated from Satureja khuzistanica which has been shown to have strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus and Candida species, but no obvious hemolytic effects or cell cytotoxicity in vitro. In the present study, Skh-AMP1 was synthesized, and its mode...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Khani S,Seyedjavadi SS,Hosseini HM,Goudarzi M,Valadbeigi S,Khatami S,Ajdary S,Eslamifar A,Amani J,Imani Fooladi AA,Razzaghi-Abyaneh M

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This mass spectrometric study confines itself to peptide masses in the range of 500-1500Da. Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) that are predicted from the genome of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and the silk moth, Bombyx mori, are shown to exist as expressed peptides in the corpora cardiaca (CC) of the respecti...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Gäde G,Marco HG,Simek P,Audsley N,Clark KD,Weaver RJ

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a proglucagon-derived peptide expressed in the intestinal enteroendocrine-L cells and released after meal ingestion. GLP-1 reduces postprandial glycemia not only by its hormonal effects, but also by its inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal motility. Recently, we showed that GLP-1 a...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Rotondo A,Amato A,Lentini L,Baldassano S,Mulè F

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracerebroventricular administration of NPY suppresses ethanol intake in selectively bred alcohol-preferring rat lines, but not in rats selectively bred for low ethanol drinking or in unselected Wistar rats, when access to ethanol is limited to 2h/day. However, when rats undergo chronic (24h/day) ethanol drinking (o...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Badia-Elder NE,Gilpin NW,Stewart RB

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obestatin is purported to be a peptide hormone encoded in preproghrelin. We studied the metabolic effects of continuous infusion of obestatin via subcutaneously implanted osmotic mini-pumps. Administration of up to 500nmol/kg body weight/day obestatin did not change 24h cumulative food intake or body weight in rats. S...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Unniappan S,Speck M,Kieffer TJ

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Subpopulations of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral mesencephalon have been reported to contain cholecystokinin (CCK) and neurotensin (NT), giving rise to DA, DA/NT, NT/CCK and DA/CCK/NT projections. More precisely, colocalized DA/CCK neurons project mainly to the caudal part of the medial nucleus accumbens, wherea...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Heidbreder C,Gewiss M,De Mot B,Mertens I,De Witte P

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vasopressin is one of the key regulators of the body's water and solute balance. When this balance is pathologically disturbed, determination of serum vasopressin concentrations might be a helpful tool for guiding therapy. However, due to its instability and considerable association to platelets, reliable measurement ...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Struck J,Morgenthaler NG,Bergmann A

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholecystokinin (CCK) is widely distributed in the brain and is known to affect behavioral and physiological functions including anxiety and pain. The expression of CCK has been shown to be regulated by estrogen and to vary during the estrous cycle in rat brain. In the present study CCK was determined in plasma from 2...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Lundberg K,Hilke S,Nordin C,Theodorsson E,Josefsson A

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study was undertaken to investigate the oxidation and reduction of cholecystokinin (CCK) both as pure standards and as endogenous porcine peptides. Furthermore an attempt was made to prevent oxidation of the endogenous porcine peptides in the extraction procedure. CCK-8 and CCK-33 standards were always oxidized in...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Bacarese-Hamilton AJ,Adrian TE,Chohan P,Antony T,Bloom SR

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A novel antimicrobial peptide, with molecular mass of 1602.0469Da, produced by Brevibacillus laterosporus strain A60 was isolated and purified from the soil of mango plants. The purification procedure consisted of ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation exchange chromatography on an HiTrap SP HP column, thin layer chro...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Zhao J,Guo L,Zeng H,Yang X,Yuan J,Shi H,Xiong Y,Chen M,Han L,Qiu D

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1989, the development of specific angiotensin receptor antagonists which distinguish between two angiotensin receptor subtypes (AT1 and AT2) led to a breakthrough in angiotensin research. It turned out, that the AT1 receptor was almost entirely responsible for the "classical" actions of angiotensin II related to th...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Steckelings UM,Kaschina E,Unger T

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As an attempt to approach the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease, antral gastrin and somatostatin concentrations were studied in normal subjects, patients with duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer. In the patients with peptic ulcer, antral somatostatin concentrations were significantly lower than those in normal subject...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Sumii K,Fukushima T,Hirata K,Matsumoto Y,Sanuki E,Tsumaru S,Sumioka M,Miyoshi A,Miyachi Y

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Combined use of the intraaxonal retrograde transport of the fluorescent marker 'true blue' with substance P (SP) immunocytochemistry has been used to trace the nodose ganglion projections of SP-containing neurons of the aortic depressor nerve. It has been found that (1) SP immunoreactive (SP-I) cell bodies are clearly...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Helke CJ,Goldman W,Jacobowitz DM

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bradykinin (BK) has been proposed as the principal mediator of hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) in patients dialyzed using negatively charged membranes and concomitantly treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. We investigated the metabolism of exogenous BK added to the sera of 13 patients dialyzed...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Blais C Jr,Marc-Aurèle J,Simmons WH,Loute G,Thibault P,Skidgel RA,Adam A

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracerebroventricular injections of rat hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor (rhGRF) were examined for effects on food intake in free-feeding rats. It was found that, in picomole doses, rhGRF had a stimulatory effect on food intake. Examination of higher doses of rhGRF revealed a decrease in the facilitatory...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Vaccarino FJ,Feifel D,Rivier J,Vale W,Koob GF

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ceratotoxin A (CtxA), a 36-residue alpha-helical cationic peptide isolated from the medfly Ceratitis capitata, exhibits strong antibacterial activity. To determine its mode of action against bacteria, we investigated the behavior of ceratotoxin A by incorporating it into planar lipid bilayers. Macroscopic and single c...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Saint N,Marri L,Marchini D,Molle G

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunocytochemistry using an antiserum to the C-terminal octapeptide of synenkephalin, proenkephalin(63-70), was performed throughout the rat brain and revealed numerous immunopositive fibers and some cell bodies. The morphology and distribution of synenkephalin immunoreactivity was extremely similar to that of a comm...

journal_title：Peptides

authors： Song DD,Rossier J,Harlan RE

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00