Regulation and Function of RNA Pseudouridylation in Human Cells.

abstract：:The mouse is central to the goal of establishing a comprehensive functional annotation of the mammalian genome that will help elucidate various human disease genes and pathways. The mouse offers a unique combination of attributes, including an extensive genetic toolkit that underpins the creation and analysis of model...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Brown SD,Wurst W,Kühn R,Hancock JM

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dynamic range of a bacterial species' natural environment is reflected in the complexity of its systems that control cell cycle progression and its range of adaptive responses. We discuss the genetic network and integrated three-dimensional sensor/response systems that regulate the cell cycle and asymmetric cell d...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Laub MT,Shapiro L,McAdams HH

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heparan sulfate (HS) binds numerous extracellular ligands, including cell-cell signaling molecules and their signal-transducing receptors. Ligand binding sites in HS have specific sulfation patterns; and several observations suggest that the HS sulfation pattern is the same for every HS chain that a cell synthesizes, ...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Kramer KL,Yost HJ

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The staphylococcal agr locus encodes a quorum sensing (QS) system that controls the expression of virulence and other accessory genes by a classical two-component signaling module. Like QS modalities in other Gram-positive bacteria, agr encodes an autoactivating peptide (AIP) that is the inducing ligand for AgrC, the ...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Novick RP,Geisinger E

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a lifetime, a human being synthesizes approximately 2×1016 meters of DNA, a distance that corresponds to 130,000 times the distance between the Earth and the Sun. This daunting task is executed by thousands of replication forks, which progress along the chromosomes and frequently stall when they encounter DNA lesio...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Pasero P,Vindigni A

更新日期：2017-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis of ribosomes is one of the major metabolic pathways in all cells. In addition to around 75 individual ribosomal proteins and 4 ribosomal RNAs, synthesis of a functional eukaryotic ribosome requires a remarkable number of trans-acting factors. Here, we will discuss the recent, and often surprising, advanc...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Venema J,Tollervey D

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Posttranscriptional modifications of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are critical for all core aspects of tRNA function, such as folding, stability, and decoding. Most tRNA modifications were discovered in the 1970s; however, the near-complete description of the genes required to introduce the full set of modifications in both ...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： El Yacoubi B,Bailly M,de Crécy-Lagard V

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The enzyme lactase that is located in the villus enterocytes of the small intestine is responsible for digestion of lactose in milk. Lactase activity is high and vital during infancy, but in most mammals, including most humans, lactase activity declines after the weaning phase. In other healthy humans, lactase activit...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Swallow DM

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging is a natural process of organismal decay that underpins the development of myriad diseases and disorders. Extensive efforts have been made to understand the biology of aging and its regulation, but most studies focus solely on the host organism. Considering the pivotal role of the microbiota in host health and m...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Bana B,Cabreiro F

更新日期：2019-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteases can play key roles in regulation by controlling the levels of critical components of, for example, signal transduction pathways. Proteolytic processing can remove regulatory proteins when they are not needed, while transforming others from the dormant into the biologically active state. The latter mechanism ...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Ehrmann M,Clausen T

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Agrobacterium strains transfer a single-strand form of T-DNA (T-strands) and Virulence (Vir) effector proteins to plant cells. Following transfer, T-strands likely form complexes with Vir and plant proteins that traffic through the cytoplasm and enter the nucleus. T-strands may subsequently randomly integrate into pla...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Gelvin SB

更新日期：2017-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:A diverse group of animals, including members of most major phyla, have adapted to life in the perpetual darkness of caves. These animals are united by the convergence of two regressive phenotypes, loss of eyes and pigmentation. The mechanisms of regressive evolution are poorly understood. The teleost Astyanax mexican...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Jeffery WR

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Centromeres are specialized domains of heterochromatin that provide the foundation for the kinetochore. Centromeric heterochromatin is characterized by specific histone modifications, a centromere-specific histone H3 variant (CENP-A), and the enrichment of cohesin, condensin, and topoisomerase II. Centromere DNA varie...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Bloom KS

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Upon interaction with pathogenic Pseudomonads or symbiotic Rhizobia, or after wounding by abrasion or insects, the plant reacts in superficially different ways, leading to either a close association or defense against the intruder. However, a closer examination reveals that similar genes and metabolic pathways are ind...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Baron C,Zambryski PC

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ENCODE projects exist for many eukaryotes, including humans, but as of yet no defined project exists for plants. A plant ENCODE would be invaluable to the research community and could be more readily produced than its metazoan equivalents by capitalizing on the preexisting infrastructure provided from similar projects...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Lane AK,Niederhuth CE,Ji L,Schmitz RJ

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The body's microbiome, composed of microbial cells that number in the trillions, is involved in human health and disease in ways that are just starting to emerge. The microbiome is assembled at birth, develops with its host, and is greatly influenced by environmental factors such as diet and other exposures. Recently,...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Goodrich JK,Davenport ER,Clark AG,Ley RE

更新日期：2017-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene mutations provide valuable clues to cellular metabolism. In humans such insights come mainly from genetic disorders. Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) and Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) are two distinct but closely related, single gene disorders that highlight a complex junction of several signal transduction pathway...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Shiloh Y

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In experimental organisms such as fruit flies and mice, increased frequencies in germ cell mutations have been detected following exposure to ionizing radiation. In contrast, there has been no clear evidence for radiation-induced germ cell mutations in humans that lead to birth defects, chromosome aberrations, Mendeli...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Nakamura N,Suyama A,Noda A,Kodama Y

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of about 20 maternally expressed genes are providing an understanding of mechanisms of patterning and cell-fate determination in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. The analyses have revealed that fates of the early blastomeres are specified by a combination of intrinsically asymmetric cell divisions and ...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Rose LS,Kemphues KJ

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite many challenges, great progress has been made in identifying kinetochore proteins and understanding their overall functions relative to spindles and centromeric DNA. In contrast, less is known about the specialized centromeric chromatin environment and how it may be involved in regulating the assembly of kinet...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Gent JI,Dawe RK

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The zebrafish is an excellent model system for studying the molecular basis of inner ear development and function. The eggs develop ex utero and the ear is transparent for the first few weeks of life. Forward genetic screens and antisense technology have helped to elucidate the signaling pathways and molecules require...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Nicolson T

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoire achieves functional diversification through several somatic alterations of the Ig locus. One of these processes, somatic hypermutation (SHM), deposits point mutations into the variable region of the Ig gene to generate higher-affinity variants. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Teng G,Papavasiliou FN

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been increasing interest in rare variants and their association with disease, and several rare variant-disease associations have already been detected. The usual association tests for common variants are underpowered for detecting variants of lower frequency, so alternative approaches are required. In additi...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Asimit J,Zeggini E

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are common lesions that continually threaten genomic integrity. Failure to repair a DSB has deleterious consequences, including cell death. Misrepair is also fraught with danger, especially inappropriate end-joining events, which commonly underlie oncogenic transformation and can scramb...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Deriano L,Roth DB

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to mitigate climate change without adversely affecting global energy supply, there is growing interest in the possibility of producing transportation fuels from renewable sources via microbial fermentation. Central to this challenge is the design of biocatalysts that can efficiently convert cheap lignocellulo...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Liu T,Khosla C

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much of our knowledge of the actin cytoskeleton has been derived from biochemical and cell biological approaches, through which actin-binding proteins have been identified and their in vitro interactions with actin have been characterized. The study of actin-binding proteins (ABPs) in genetic model systems has become ...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Hudson AM,Cooley L

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes differs from that of nuclear genes in showing vegetative segregation, uniparental inheritance, intracellular selection, and reduced recombination. Vegetative segregation and some cases of uniparental inheritance are due to stochastic replication and partitioning o...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Birky CW Jr

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparisons among a variety of eukaryotes have revealed considerable variability in the structures and processes involved in their meiosis. Nevertheless, conventional forms of meiosis occur in all major groups of eukaryotes, including early-branching protists. This finding confirms that meiosis originated in the commo...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Loidl J

更新日期：2016-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The past fifty years have seen the development and application of numerous statistical methods to identify genomic regions that appear to be shaped by natural selection. These methods have been used to investigate the macro- and microevolution of a broad range of organisms, including humans. Here, we provide a compreh...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Vitti JJ,Grossman SR,Sabeti PC

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mobile group II introns, found in bacterial and organellar genomes, are both catalytic RNAs and retrotransposable elements. They use an extraordinary mobility mechanism in which the excised intron RNA reverse splices directly into a DNA target site and is then reverse transcribed by the intron-encoded protein. After D...

journal_title：Annual review of genetics

authors： Lambowitz AM,Zimmerly S

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00