The history of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

Abstract:

:The beneficial effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) was a major discovery that came about through one young physician putting together a string of previous observations. To understand how this discovery came to light, we must first go back to earlier times when men hunted by bow-and-arrow to capture their prey. The substance used to poison the prey was eventually was identified as curare. Centuries later, a connection was made between the physiological effects of curare and a disease entity with no known pathological mechanism or treatment, myasthenia gravis. In 1935, house officer Dr. Mary Walker was the first physician to try physostigmine in the treatment of MG, which had previously been used to treat curare poisoning. What she saw was a dramatic improvement in the symptoms experienced in patients with MG, and thus became the first documented case of use of physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in the treatment of MG. This article is a summary of the history of the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: From Bench to Bedside to Battlefield'.

journal_name

Neuropharmacology

journal_title

Neuropharmacology

authors

Katz NK,Barohn RJ

doi

10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108303

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2021-01-01 00:00:00

pages

108303

eissn

0028-3908

issn

1873-7064

pii

S0028-3908(20)30371-3

journal_volume

182

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Effects of bombesin on body temperature and oxygen consumption in food-deprived rats.

    abstract::The present study measured oxygen consumption and core body temperature following central injections of bombesin (1.0 microgram) in food-deprived rats. Oxygen consumption did not differ for bombesin- and control-injected rats while mean core body temperature decreased significantly following bombesin administrations. ...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0028-3908(84)90060-1

    authors: Babcock AM,Wunder BA

    更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00

  • Regulation of GIRK channel deactivation by Galpha(q) and Galpha(i/o) pathways.

    abstract::G protein regulated inward rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) are activated by G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) via the G protein betagamma subunits. However, little is known about the effects of different GPCRs on the deactivation kinetics of transmitter-mediated GIRK currents. In the present study we investiga...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(00)00080-0

    authors: Mark MD,Ruppersberg JP,Herlitze S

    更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00

  • Injection of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5 into the nucleus accumbens of monoamine-depleted mice induces pronounced locomotor stimulation.

    abstract::Following injection of 5 micrograms of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5 into the nucleus accumbens of monoamine-depleted mice a pronounced locomotor stimulation was produced. Additional treatment with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine markedly increased the lo...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0028-3908(92)90092-4

    authors: Svensson A,Carlsson ML

    更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibition of baclofen-induced hypothermia in mice by the novel GABAB antagonist CGP 35348.

    abstract::This study shows that the selective GABAB antagonist CGP 35348 had no effect on body temperature in mice in doses up to 300 mg/kg i.p. However, the highest dose abolished the hypothermia induced by the GABAB agonist baclofen (10 mg/kg i.p.) but not that produced by the GABA-mimetic progabide (200 mg/kg i.p.); the benz...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0028-3908(91)90018-7

    authors: Jackson HC,Nutt DJ

    更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00

  • Momordica charantia polysaccharides could protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting oxidative stress mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 signaling pathway.

    abstract::Momordica charantia (MC) is a medicinal plant for stroke treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine, but its active compounds and molecular targets are unknown yet. M. charantia polysaccharide (MCP) is one of the important bioactive components in MC. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that MCP has neuroprot...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.020

    authors: Gong J,Sun F,Li Y,Zhou X,Duan Z,Duan F,Zhao L,Chen H,Qi S,Shen J

    更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00

  • Adaptive changes in the 5-HT2 binding site after chronic administration of agonists and antagonists.

    abstract::This study confirms and extends an earlier report that acute administration of the serotonin (5-HT) antagonist, mianserin, caused a marked decrease in the density of 5-HT2 binding sites in brain of the rat (Blackshear and Sanders-Bush, 1982). Using [3H]ketanserin, a selective ligand for the 5-HT2 site, the present stu...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0028-3908(86)90146-2

    authors: Blackshear MA,Martin LL,Sanders-Bush E

    更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00

  • Epigenetic regulation of dorsal raphe GABA(B1a) associated with isolation-induced abnormal responses to social stimulation in mice.

    abstract::In isolation-reared mice, social encounter stimulation induces locomotor hyperactivity and activation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), suggesting that dysregulation of dorsal raphe function may be involved in abnormal behaviors. In this study, we examined the involvement of dorsal raphe GABAergic dysregulation in th...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.09.013

    authors: Araki R,Hiraki Y,Nishida S,Kuramoto N,Matsumoto K,Yabe T

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • Novel sulfoglycolipid IG20 causes neuroprotection by activating the phase II antioxidant response in rat hippocampal slices.

    abstract::Compound IG20 is a newly synthesised sulphated glycolipid that promotes neuritic outgrowth and myelinisation, at the time it causes the inhibition of glial proliferation and facilitates exocytosis in chromaffin cells. Here we have shown that IG20 at 0.3-10 μM afforded neuroprotection in rat hippocampal slices stressed...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.016

    authors: Punzón E,García-Alvarado F,Maroto M,Fernández-Mendívil C,Michalska P,García-Álvarez I,Arranz-Tagarro JA,Buendia I,López MG,León R,Gandía L,Fernández-Mayoralas A,García AG

    更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00

  • Dynamic changes in NADPH-diaphorase staining reflect activity of nitric oxide synthase: evidence for a dopaminergic regulation of striatal nitric oxide release.

    abstract::In fixed tissue, neuronal NADPH-diaphorase staining results from nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. Neuronal NOS only synthesizes nitric oxide once activated by the binding of Ca2+/calmodulin. We show here that neuronal NADPH-diaphorase staining is also dependent on Ca2+/calmodulin, implying that only activated NOS...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(97)00159-7

    authors: Morris BJ,Simpson CS,Mundell S,Maceachern K,Johnston HM,Nolan AM

    更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00

  • Cluster formation of alpha7-containing nicotinic receptors at interneuronal interfaces in cell culture.

    abstract::Nicotinic receptors containing the alpha7 gene product are among the most abundant in the nervous system. Because of their widespread distribution and high relative permeability to calcium, the receptors regulate a diverse array of cellular events. On chick ciliary neurons the receptors are concentrated on somatic spi...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(00)00132-5

    authors: Conroy WG,Ogden LF,Berg DK

    更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00

  • Taar1-mediated modulation of presynaptic dopaminergic neurotransmission: role of D2 dopamine autoreceptors.

    abstract::Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in several mammalian brain areas and activated by "trace amines" (TAs). TAs role is unknown; however, discovery of their receptors provided an opportunity to investigate their functions. In vivo evidence has indicated an inhibit...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.02.007

    authors: Leo D,Mus L,Espinoza S,Hoener MC,Sotnikova TD,Gainetdinov RR

    更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00

  • Blockade of the GABA(B) receptor increases neurogenesis in the ventral but not dorsal adult hippocampus: relevance to antidepressant action.

    abstract::GABA(B) receptor antagonists have been shown to have antidepressant-like properties in animal models and thus, could represent a novel approach for the treatment of depression. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects are currently unknown. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (the birth of new neurons) is th...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.066

    authors: Felice D,O'Leary OF,Pizzo RC,Cryan JF

    更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00

  • Induction of Dickkopf-1 contributes to the neurotoxicity of MPP+ in PC12 cells via inhibition of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.

    abstract::The secreted glycoprotein Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), an antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is unknown whether Dkk1 is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we discovered that Dkk1 was induced in MPP(+)-treated PC12 cel...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.10.031

    authors: Dun Y,Yang Y,Xiong Z,Feng M,Zhang Y,Wang M,Xiang J,Li G,Ma R

    更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00

  • Brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity is potentiated by activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1A/5-HT7 receptors in the rat spinal cord.

    abstract::In urethane-chloralose anesthetized, neuromuscularly blocked, ventilated rats, microinjection of NMDA (12 pmol) into the right fourth thoracic segment (T4) spinal intermediolateral nucleus (IML) immediately increased ipsilateral brown adipose tissue (BAT) sympathetic nerve activity (SNA; peak +492% of control), expire...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.10.019

    authors: Madden CJ,Morrison SF

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • Ectopic expression of the GABA(A) receptor alpha6 subunit in hippocampal pyramidal neurons produces extrasynaptic receptors and an increased tonic inhibition.

    abstract::We generated transgenic (Thy1alpha6) mice in which the GABA(A) receptor alpha6 subunit, whose expression is usually confined to granule cells of cerebellum and cochlear nuclei, is ectopically expressed under the control of the pan-neuronal Thy-1.2 promoter. Strong Thy1alpha6 subunit expression occurs, for example, in ...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00151-x

    authors: Wisden W,Cope D,Klausberger T,Hauer B,Sinkkonen ST,Tretter V,Lujan R,Jones A,Korpi ER,Mody I,Sieghart W,Somogyi P

    更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00

  • Zaltoprofen inhibits bradykinin-induced responses by blocking the activation of second messenger signaling cascades in rat dorsal root ganglion cells.

    abstract::Bradykinin interacts with the bradykinin B2 receptor on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, setting off a series of reactions inside the cells that ultimately make the vanilloid receptor 1 more sensitive to a normal stimulus by activating various enzymes coupled with second messenger signaling cascades. Zaltoprofen, a...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.01.011

    authors: Tang HB,Inoue A,Oshita K,Hirate K,Nakata Y

    更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00

  • Antagonists reversibly reverse chemical LTD induced by group I, group II and group III metabotropic glutamate receptors.

    abstract::Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are implicated in many neurological and psychiatric diseases and are the targets of therapeutic agents currently in clinical development. Their activation has diverse effects in the central nervous system (CNS) that includes an involvement in synaptic plasticity. We previously r...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.011

    authors: Lodge D,Tidball P,Mercier MS,Lucas SJ,Hanna L,Ceolin L,Kritikos M,Fitzjohn SM,Sherwood JL,Bannister N,Volianskis A,Jane DE,Bortolotto ZA,Collingridge GL

    更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00

  • General anesthetic exposure in adolescent rats causes persistent maladaptations in cognitive and affective behaviors and neuroplasticity.

    abstract::Accumulating evidence indicates that exposure to general anesthetics during infancy and childhood can cause persistent cognitive impairment, alterations in synaptic plasticity, and, to a lesser extent, increased incidence of behavioral disorders. Unfortunately, the developmental parameters of susceptibility to general...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.022

    authors: Landin JD,Palac M,Carter JM,Dzumaga Y,Santerre-Anderson JL,Fernandez GM,Savage LM,Varlinskaya EI,Spear LP,Moore SD,Swartzwelder HS,Fleming RL,Werner DF

    更新日期:2019-05-15 00:00:00

  • Dual-acting agents for improving cognition and real-world function in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on 5-HT6 and D3 receptors as hubs.

    abstract::To date, there are no interventions that impede the inexorable progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and currently-available drugs cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptor antagonist, memantine, offer only modest symptomatic benefit. Moreover, a range of mechanistically-diverse agents ...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108099

    authors: Millan MJ,Dekeyne A,Gobert A,Brocco M,Mannoury la Cour C,Ortuno JC,Watson D,Fone KCF

    更新日期:2020-10-15 00:00:00

  • Excitatory drive onto dopaminergic neurons in the rostral linear nucleus is enhanced by norepinephrine in an α1 adrenergic receptor-dependent manner.

    abstract::Dopaminergic innervation of the extended amygdala regulates anxiety-like behavior and stress responsivity. A portion of this dopamine input arises from dopamine neurons located in the ventral lateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and rostral (RLi) and caudal linear nuclei of the raphe (CLi). These neurons receive substa...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.07.001

    authors: Williams MA,Li C,Kash TL,Matthews RT,Winder DG

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • A sub-set of psychoactive effects may be critical to the behavioral impact of ketamine on cocaine use disorder: Results from a randomized, controlled laboratory study.

    abstract::Efforts to translate sub-anesthetic ketamine infusions into widespread clinical use have centered around developing medications with comparable neurobiological activity, but with attenuated psychoactive effects so as to minimize the risk of behavioral toxicity and abuse liability. Converging lines of research, however...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.005

    authors: Dakwar E,Nunes EV,Hart CL,Hu MC,Foltin RW,Levin FR

    更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00

  • Differential regulation of microglial P2X4 and P2X7 ATP receptors following LPS-induced activation.

    abstract::Activation of microglia has been implicated in many neurological conditions including Alzheimer's disease and neuropathic pain. Recent studies provide evidence that P2X ATP receptors on the surface of microglia play a crucial role in initiation of inflammatory cascades. We investigated changes in surface P2X receptors...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.06.010

    authors: Raouf R,Chabot-Doré AJ,Ase AR,Blais D,Séguéla P

    更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00

  • Histidine-induced bizarre behaviour in rats: the possible involvement of central cholinergic system.

    abstract::Histidine injected intraperitoneally into rats in doses from 400 to 800 mg/kg induced a dose-dependent bizarre behaviour. The behaviour after histidine was similar to that observed after L-DOPA and peripheral decarboxylase inhibition. The bizarre behaviour was antagonized by chloropyramine, ketotifen, clemastine and p...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0028-3908(82)90065-x

    authors: Pilc A,Rogóz Z,Skuza G

    更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00

  • Blast-induced "PTSD": Evidence from an animal model.

    abstract::A striking observation among veterans returning from the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan has been the co-occurrence of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD and mTBI might coexist due to additive effects of independent psychological and physical traum...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.023

    authors: Perez-Garcia G,Gama Sosa MA,De Gasperi R,Tschiffely AE,McCarron RM,Hof PR,Gandy S,Ahlers ST,Elder GA

    更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • Favorable amphiphilicity of nimodipine facilitates its interactions with brain membranes.

    abstract::Nimodipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blocker which is used in the treatment of neurological deficits associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Small angle x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and equilibrium and kinetic binding techniques were used to study the interaction of nimod...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0028-3908(94)90015-9

    authors: Herbette LG,Mason PE,Sweeney KR,Trumbore MW,Mason RP

    更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of histamine H3 receptor ligands on the rewarding, stimulant and motor-impairing effects of ethanol in DBA/2J mice.

    abstract::Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists are currently being investigated for the possible therapeutic use in various cognitive deficits such as those in schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and Alzheimer's disease. Our previous studies suggest a role for H3Rs in ethanol-related behaviors in rat and ...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.10.027

    authors: Nuutinen S,Vanhanen J,Pigni MC,Panula P

    更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibition by nystatin of Kv1.3 channels expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

    abstract::The patch-clamp technique was used to study the effects of nystatin on a cloned delayed rectifier potassium channel (Kv1.3) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Kv1.3 currents recorded in the whole-cell configuration, using an intracellular solution containing nystatin, were subjected to a time- and concent...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0028-3908(96)00094-9

    authors: Hahn SJ,Wang LY,Kaczmarek LK

    更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of amphetamines and small related molecules on recovery after stroke in animals and man.

    abstract::Drugs modulating the levels of specific central neurotransmitters may influence both the rate and amount of functional recovery after focal brain injuries such as stroke. Because such drugs may be effective long after brain injury, the "therapeutic window" may be widened beyond the first few hour after stroke and an e...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00249-x

    authors: Goldstein LB

    更新日期:2000-03-03 00:00:00

  • Impaired oligodendrogenesis and myelination by elevated S100B levels during neurodevelopment.

    abstract::High levels of the inflammatory molecule S100B protein have been identified in sera from several perinatal inflammatory conditions involving myelin damage and associated with an adverse prognosis or the emergence of sequelea. S100B is essential for oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and maturation, but it remains to...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.002

    authors: Santos G,Barateiro A,Gomes CM,Brites D,Fernandes A

    更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00

  • The continuity of dopamine receptor antagonism can dictate the long-term behavioural consequences of a mesolimbic infusion of dopamine.

    abstract::An infusion of dopamine for 13 days into the nucleus accumbens of rat caused biphasic peaks of hyperactivity responding during infusion and an enhanced locomotor responsiveness to the dopamine agonist (-)N-n-propylnorapomorphine [(-)NPA] after the infusion when rats where initially preselected as low activity responde...

    journal_title:Neuropharmacology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0028-3908(85)90073-5

    authors: Costall B,Domeney AM,Naylor RJ

    更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00