Systemic Effects of Metals Released from Arthroplasty Implants - a Brief Summary.

Abstract:

:In recent years, increasing concern has been raised regarding potential systemic toxicity of metals released from arthroplasty implants. A lack of valid metal thresholds for human (organ) toxicity and the prospect of multi-decade survival of modern hip and knee replacements pose special challenges. Indeed, evidence of systemic effects of metals released from such implants is largely missing. Systemic cobalt exposure has repeatedly been associated with cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects, and also with thyroid dysfunction. The toxic potential of chromium is considered less pronounced. Yet, in arthroplasty there is usually a co-exposure to chromium and cobalt which complicates evaluation of element-specific effects. Toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles has been subject to debate among international regulatory authorities. Their wide use in a variety of products in everyday life, such as toothpaste, cosmetics and food colorants, hampers the assessment of an arthroplasty-induced systemic titanium exposure. To date there is no clear evidence for systemic complications due to titanium dioxide released from arthroplasty implants. Release of further metals such as tantalum, niobium, nickel, vanadium and zirconium from hip and knee replacement implants has been described occasionally, but systemic effects of respective long-term exposure scenarios are unknown. Generally, the characterization of all released metals regarding their chemical and physical specifications is critical for the evaluation of potential systemic risks. Systematic studies investigating the accumulation of metals relevant in arthroplasty in different organs/organ systems and the biological consequences of such accumulations are urgently needed. :Systemische Effekte von aus Endoprothesen freigesetzten Metallen rücken zunehmend in den Fokus des Interesses von Patienten, Ärzten, Wissenschaftlern und Legislative. Besondere Herausforderungen stellen das Fehlen valider Schwellenwerte für (Organ-)Toxizität und die zunehmend langen Standzeiten moderner Hüft- und Knietotalendoprothesen dar. Tatsächlich ist die Evidenz für systemische Komplikationen einer Metallbelastung durch solche Implantate jedoch sehr schwach. Eine systemische Exposition gegenüber Cobalt wurde wiederholt vor allem mit kardio- und neurotoxischen Effekten, aber auch mit thyreoidalen Funktionsstörungen in Verbindung gebracht. Das toxische Potenzial von freigesetztem Chrom gilt als weitaus weniger ausgeprägt, ist allerdings im Kontext der Endoprothetik schwer zu evaluieren, da hier quasi regelhaft eine simultane Exposition gegenüber Chrom und Cobalt erfolgt. Die Toxizität nanopartikulären Titandioxids ist Gegenstand internationaler regulatorischer Debatten, sein vielfältiges Vorkommen in unserem Alltag, etwa als Weißmacher in Zahnpasta, Kosmetika oder Lebensmitteln, erschwert die Einschätzung einer möglichen zusätzlichen Belastung durch Endoprothesen. Bislang gibt es keine eineindeutige Evidenz für systemische Komplikationen durch die Freisetzung von Titandioxid aus Endoprothesen. Die Freisetzung von weiteren Metallen wie Tantal, Niob, Nickel, Vanadium und Zirkonium aus Endoprothesen wurde in einzelnen Fällen beschrieben, systemische Effekte entsprechender Langzeitexpositionen sind noch nicht bekannt. Generell ist die Charakterisierung freigesetzter Metalle hinsichtlich ihrer chemischen und physikalischen Spezifikationen für die Bewertung eines möglichen systemischen Risikos entscheidend. Systematische Studien, die die Akkumulation von in der Endoprothetik relevanten Metallen in verschiedenen Organen bzw. Organsystemen und deren biologische Konsequenzen untersuchen, sind dringend erforderlich.

journal_name

Z Orthop Unfall

authors

Rakow A,Schoon J

doi

10.1055/a-1187-1751

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-10-01 00:00:00

pages

501-507

issue

5

eissn

1864-6697

issn

1864-6743

journal_volume

158

pub_type

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