Abstract:
:Neural implants with large numbers of electrodes have become an important tool for examining brain functions. However, these devices typically displace a large intracranial volume compared with the neurons they record. This large size limits the density of implants, provokes tissue reactions that degrade chronic performance, and impedes the ability to accurately visualize recording sites within intact circuits. Here we report next-generation silicon-based neural probes at a cellular scale (5 × 10 µm cross section), with ultra-high-density packing (as little as 66 µm between shanks) and 64 or 256 closely spaced recording sites per probe. We show that these probes can be inserted into superficial or deep brain structures and record large spikes in freely behaving rats for many weeks. Finally, we demonstrate a slice-in-place approach for the precise registration of recording sites relative to nearby neurons and anatomical features, including striatal µ-opioid receptor patches. This scalable technology provides a valuable tool for examining information processing within neural circuits and potentially for human brain-machine interfaces.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Devices with many electrodes penetrating into the brain are an important tool for investigating neural information processing, but they are typically large compared with neurons. This results in substantial damage and makes it harder to reconstruct recording locations within brain circuits. This paper presents high-channel-count silicon probes with much smaller features and a method for slicing through probe, brain, and skull all together. This allows probe tips to be directly observed relative to immunohistochemical markers.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Egert D,Pettibone JR,Lemke S,Patel PR,Caldwell CM,Cai D,Ganguly K,Chestek CA,Berke JDdoi
10.1152/jn.00352.2020subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-01 00:00:00pages
1578-1587issue
6eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
124pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. Ionic conductances controlled by type A and type B cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors were studied in neurons of the rat nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV), using intracellular and whole-cell patch clamp recordings in current or voltage clamp configuration during bath applica...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.6.2584
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoamines are strong modulators and/or activators of spinal locomotor networks. Thus monoaminergic fibers likely contact neurons involved in generating locomotion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the serotonergic innervation of locomotor-activated neurons within the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord followin...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.91179.2008
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The shared inputs to cat retinal ganglion cells have been investigated by studying correlations in the maintained firing of neighboring ganglion cells. The firing of one cell was recorded from its axon in the optic tract, while that of a neighboring cell was simultaneously recorded with a second electrode in the re...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1983.49.2.303
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synchronization of local and distributed neuronal assemblies is thought to underlie fundamental brain processes such as perception, learning, and cognition. In neurological disease, neuronal synchrony can be altered and in epilepsy may play an important role in the generation of seizures. Linear cross-correlation and ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00368.2010
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of dopamine on the slow Ca(2+)-dependent K+ current (IAHP; AHP, afterhyperpolarization) and spike frequency adaptation were studied by whole cell voltage-clamp and sharp microelectrode current-clamp recordings in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. 2. Dopamine suppressed IAHP in a dose-...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.6.2749
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Behavioral studies in the monkey and clinical studies in humans show that some visuomotor functions are spared in case of a V1 lesion. This residual vision appears to be subserved at least partially by visual activity in extrastriate cortex. Earlier studies have demonstrated that neurons in area V2 lose their visua...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.5.1493
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patch clamp is the main technique for measuring electrical properties of individual cells. Since its discovery in 1976 by Neher and Sakmann, patch clamp has been instrumental in broadening our understanding of the fundamental properties of ion channels and synapses in neurons. The conventional patch-clamp method requi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00386.2016
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::6-((4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionyl)amino)hexanoic acid ryanodine (BODIPY-ryanodine) binding and Ca(2+) imaging were used to study the properties of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and cytoplasmic Ca(2+) (Ca) changes in neurons cultured from the embryonic rat hippocampus during the earli...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.3.1077
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single, teased fiber recordings were made from the decentralized right cervical vagus nerve (hyponodal) of the rat. A total of 67 afferent fibers that responded to gastric distension (GD) were studied: 9 fibers were stimulated by phasic balloon GD, 58 by more natural fluid GD. All balloon GD-responsive fibers had rest...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2210
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rapid detection of sensory inputs is crucial for survival. Sensory detection explicitly requires the integration of incoming sensory information and the ability to distinguish between relevant information and ongoing neural activity. In this study, head-fixed rats were trained to detect the presence of a brief def...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00004.2012
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The electrical threshold of the terminations of single group Ia and II afferent fibers was transiently reduced by the antidromic discharge of the initial segment of spinal motoneurons in the cat. 2. This depolarization of the terminals of afferent fibers known to synapse on motoneurons confirms previous observation...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1979.42.3.635
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Ca(2+)-dependent K+ currents were studied in large pyramidal neurons (Betz cells) from layer V of cat sensorimotor cortex by use of an in vitro brain slice and single microelectrode voltage clamp. The Ca(2+)-dependent outward current was taken as the difference current obtained before and after blockade of Ca2+ inf...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.67.1.216
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discrete anatomic structures in the monkey somatic sensory thalamus may segregate input arising from different peripheral receptors and from different parts of the body. It has been proposed that these structures serve as components of modality- and place-specific pathways from the periphery to the cortex. We now test...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00756.2005
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous experimental results from our laboratory demonstrated that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) depolarizes or increases the excitability of nociceptive neurons in the intact dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after a chronic compression of the DRG (CCD), an injury that upregulates neuronal expression of both M...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00222.2006
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In rat CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons (HPNs), somatostatin (SST) has inhibitory postsynaptic actions, including hyperpolarization of the membrane at rest and augmentation of the K+ M-current. However, the effects of SST on synaptic transmission in this brain region have not been well-characterized. Therefore we use...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.6.3008
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Neurons in the ventral intraparietal area (VIP) are known to respond to translating random dot patterns. Such responses can be explained on the basis of the input of the middle temporal area (MT) to this area. Anatomic evidence has shown that VIP receives input from the dorsal part of the medial superior temporal a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.6.4056
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of electrical stimulation of the brain in epilepsy and other disorders are poorly understood. Previous studies in vitro have shown that uniform electric fields can suppress epileptiform activity through a direct polarizing effect on neuronal membranes. Such an effect depen...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00887.2012
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multi electrode recordings of neuronal activity provide an overwhelming amount of data that is often difficult to analyze and interpret. Although various methods exist for treating multielectrode datasets quantitatively, there is a particularly prominent lack of techniques that enable a quick visual exploration of suc...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00758.2009
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In one series of experiments, vestibular neurons that could be activated antidromically by stimulation of the contralateral medial reticular formation were studied with extracellular recording in cats under pentobarbital anesthesia. These neurons were found in all of the four main vestibular nuclei, but were less prev...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1975.38.6.1421
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Responses have been recorded from primary endings of muscle spindles in the cat soleus muscle. Changes in spindle responsiveness were measured following a period of conditioning that consisted of a series of rapid stretches or of tetanic ventral root stimulation. In the testing procedure the response of a single spind...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1986.56.2.451
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We studied the effect of temporarily inhibiting neurons in the caudal fastigial nucleus in two rhesus macaques trained to make saccades to jumping targets. We placed injections of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist muscimol unilaterally or bilaterally at sites in the caudal fastigial nucleus where we had re...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.5.1741
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several qualitative features distinguish bipedal from quadrupedal locomotion in mammals. In this study we show quantitative differences between quadrupedal and bipedal gait in the Japanese monkey in terms of gait patterns, trunk/hindlimb kinematics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity, obtained from 3 macaques during...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00803.2018
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sound onsets are salient and behaviorally relevant, and most auditory neurons discharge spikes locked to such transients. The acoustic parameters of sound onsets that shape such onset responses are unknown. In this paper is analyzed the timing of spikes of single neurons in the primary auditory cortex of barbiturate-a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2616
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Rat pups were gestated and born in normoxia (inspired O2 pressure 149 mmHg) or chronic hypoxia (insured O2 pressure 80 mmHg) to test whether chronic hypoxia alters carotid body glomus cell calcium currents. Carotid bodies were removed from 5- to 8-day-old-pups under halothane anesthesia, at which time blood hematoc...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.1880
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The functional role of sensory input to the motor cortex was studied by interrupting two major input pathways. One was the dorsal column, which sends the input directly through the thalamus to the motor cortex, and the other was the sensory cortex, which transfers its input through association fibers. Removal of the s...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1984.52.2.212
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural oscillations are observed ubiquitously in the mammalian brain, but their stability is known to be rather variable. Some oscillations are tonic and last for seconds or even minutes. Other oscillations appear as unstable bursts. Likewise, some oscillations rely on excitatory AMPAergic synapses, but others are GAB...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00119.2020
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Corneal-responsive neurons were recorded extracellularly in two regions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, subnucleus interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) and subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical cord (Vc/C1) transition regions, from methohexital-anesthetized male rats. Thirty-nine Vi/Vc and 26 Vc/C1 neurons that responded to m...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2092
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to examine whether the sustained increases in the excitability of afferent fibers traversing the dorsal columns evoked by their polarization depend on the branching points of these fibers. To this end, the effects of epidural polarization were compared in four spinal regions in deeply anesthet...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An increase in L-arginine hemolymph concentration acts as a postingestion signal inhibiting Aplysia feeding. At physiological concentrations (a 10-μM increase over background), the inhibitory effect of L-arginine is too weak to block feeding in hungry animals. However, a 10-μM increase in L-arginine concentration acts...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00827.2010
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Horizontal cells were enzymatically and mechanically dissociated from the white perch (Roccus americana) retina and voltage clamped using patch electrodes. Steady-state current-voltage (I-V) relationships of solitary horizontal cells were determined by changing the membrane potential in a rampwise fashion. 2. The I...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.4.1322
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00